April 22, 1891.] 



Garden and Forest. 



191 



regard to the discovery of the plant and the localities where it 

 grows, which can leave no possible doubt with regard to its 

 spontaneousness in Europe. I am indebted to the kindness of 

 Mr. Carl von Flatt, Judge at Elest, near Grosswardein, the 

 country of Syringa Josikcea, for a list of the ten known locali- 

 ties where it is known to occur, and which extend over the 

 four counties of north-eastern Hungary — namely, Kolos, Bihar, 

 Ung and Marmaros. It is in the first of these, Kolos, that the 

 plant was discovered on the river Sebes. 



S. Josikcea grows everywhere near the water at an altitude 

 varying from three hundred to four hundred metres above the 

 sea, between 46 and 48 of north latitude and between 40 and 

 42 of east longitude. Mr. Victor Janka describes (Ostreich 

 Bot. Zeit., 1885, 3, f. f.) the locality in the district of Marmaros, 

 where he first found it, as covered with thickets of Alder, 

 Rhammis Frangula and Salix aurita. 



Mr. Carl von Flatt, to whom I am indebted for the bibliog- 

 raphy* of this species, which is joined to this communication, 

 writes : " The home of the plant growing spontaneously is in 

 the primeval forests of the mountain-chain which separates 

 Hungary from Siebenburgen. For miles and miles of the ter- 

 ritory where S. Josikcea grows neither a house nor a hut is to 

 be seen. The stations discovered by me are both in the 

 Remetz mountain-forests; one, Lunka Kotuni (1885), furnished 

 few specimens, but there are finer ones in Pareu Foeguczat 

 (1886), where there are nearly a thousand plants growing. 

 Probably Kitabel had heard of this plant. In his manuscripts, 

 preserved in the National Museum at Buda Pesth, there is a 

 drawing with the following note : 



" 'Syringa prunifolia. Kit. Ita interea pro conservanda me- 

 moria nomino qua? ad viam Munkacsino-Leopolim (Lem- 

 berg) ducentem inter Felso-Hrabonicza et Pudpolock in cottu 

 Beregh crescit, foliis que Pruni distincta, referente Dre Bulla.' 



" Studel, in his ' Nomenclator Botanicus,' gives under S. Jo- 

 sikcea as a synonym, S. vincetoxifolia, Baumg. Where he found 

 this I cannot tell, for Baumgarten did not publish such a name." 



If S. Josikcea is to be considered an escape from cultivation, 

 what known species can it have been derived from ? Certainly 

 there does not exist in Europe any species from which it can 

 have been derived, a reason sufficiently important for reject- 

 ing all idea of garden origin. And, you know, Monsieur 

 Franchet has suggested the identity of .S". Josikcea and S. Emodi 

 of the Himalayas ("Observations sur la Syringa du Nord de la 

 Chine "), but certainly no one had ever cultivated the Indian 

 plant in Hungary previous to the year 1830, when S. Josikcea 

 was discovered, and even to-day it is very doubtful if a single 

 specimen of S. Emodi can be found in all that district. 



Permit me to call attention also to an error in Garden and 

 Forest with regard to the native country of Syringa vulgaris. 

 That plant does not grow wild in Piedmont, and its most west- 

 ern station is southern Hungary, in the neighborhood of the 

 Danube. If more western stations are given in some Floras, 

 it is for plants which have escaped from gardens. In this 

 country Syringa vulgaris maintains itself easily, and for a long 

 time, wherever it has been planted, and, therefore, sometimes 

 appears spontaneous or sub-spontaneous, although it is not 

 indigenous here. This is the case, too, with Philadelphus 

 coronarius, which is often found about the ruins of buildings 

 which have been abandonedformore than half a century, fur- 

 nishing the last trace of ancient gardens. . 



Bale, Switzerland. H. Christ. 



* Syringa Josik/ea, Jacq. fil. 

 Neutzeti tadsalbodd (1830), p 344. — Erste quelle ! (Eine ungarische Zeitschrift.) 

 Reichenbach. — "Flora Germanica excursoria" (1830), i., p. 432. (Zu spat!) Flora 



(Regensburg), xiv. (1831), i., p. 67. 

 Reichenbach. — " Plantte criticae " (1831), n. 1049. 

 M. Fuss. — In "Joh. Chr. Gottl. Baumgarten Enumerationis stirpium Transsylvaniae 



Indigenarum Mantillas," i. (1846), p. 2, n. 15. 

 Ferd. Schur. — "Enumeratio plantarum Transsylvaniae " (1866), p. 451. 

 Aug. Nielreich. — " Anfzahlung der in Ungarn u. Slavonien bisher beobachteten wild- 



wachsenden Gef asspflanzen " (1870), p. 155. 

 Decaisne. — " Monographie des Genres Ligustrum et Syringa." In Nouvelles Archives 



du Museum d Histoire Naturelle, xii. (1879), pp. 1-45. 

 Dr.Shnonrai. — In Termefzetpajzifuzetek, v. (1880), p. 44. (Ungarisch.) 

 Dr. V.v. Janka. — In Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift, 1885. 

 M. A. Franchet. — "Observations sur les Syringa du Nord de la Chine." (Bulletin 



de la Societe philomatique de Paris (1885), Seance du 25. Julliet, pp. 1-7.) 

 C. v. Flatt. — A Syringa Josikaea Biharban, in Erdifzeti Lapok (1886), xxv., pp. 141- 



150. (Ungarisch.) 

 J. v. Csatd. — In Oesterreichische botanische ZeitschriJt^ (1886), p. 249. 

 C. v. Flatt. — A Syringa Josikaea, Jacq. fil. fa^i 6all6sagai-61, in Erdcfzeti Lapok, xxvi. 



(1887), pp. 568-581. (Ungarische.) Bis Dato der Ausschliessliche Artikel. 

 A. Michalus.—-ln Erdepeti Lapok, xxvi. (1887), pp. 982, 983. (Ungarisch.) 

 Dr. A. Sivionkai. — In Nagyvdrad termefxetrajza (1890), pp. 116-121. (Ungarisch.) 

 Bluff und Fingerhuth. — "Compendium Florae Germanise," i., 1, p. 15. 

 Dr. Moritz Willkomm. — *' Forstliche Flora von Deutschland und Oesterreich," 



p. 566. 

 M. Fuss. — " Flora Transsylvaniae excursoria" (1866), n. 1997. 



Icones. — Syringa; Josikcea. 

 Jacquin. — " Eclogae Plantarum," fol. tab. col. (1844), tab. 167. 

 Reichenbach. — "Plantae criticae " (1831), viii., 780, n. 1049. 

 Curtis. — Botanical Magazine, series iii., 60-3278. 

 Edwards. — The Botanical Register, xx., 1733, tab. col. 

 Maund. — The Botanist (1839), i., 24. 

 Magyvdrad termifzetrojza (1890), p. 117. (Ungarisch.) 



Recent Publications. 



Fungous Diseases of the Grape and other Plants, and Their 

 Treatment. By F. Lamson-Scribner. J. T. Lovett Company, 

 Little Silver, N. J. Small 8vo, pp. 134. 



The knowledge of fungous diseases of plants has, within 

 comparatively few years, been supplemented by so many valu- 

 able practical experiments on the relative merits of different 

 chemicals in checking their growth, and by the invention of 

 machines for applying them in the most efficient way, that 

 there was need of a compact popular summary of the subject 

 for the use of farmers and fruit-raisers. This is afforded by 

 the little book of Professor Scribner, which gives a popular 

 account more especially of the principal rots, mildews, blights 

 and other diseases of the Vine, followed by shorter chapters on 

 various diseases of Apples, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Peaches 

 and Raspberries. The main object of the author is to show 

 the best method of applying remedies, and the descriptions of 

 the Fungi which cause the various diseases are designed to 

 enable those who are not well informed with regard to Fungi 

 to recognize with as little difficulty as possible the distinctive 

 characters of the different diseases as a preliminary step in 

 applying the remedies. The compass of the book prevents 

 any extended account of the different Fungi, but those which 

 affect the Grape are given with sufficient fullness for all 

 practical purposes. A more extended introductory chapter 

 on the general characters of Fungi would, however, have 

 served a useful purpose. A considerable number of wood- 

 cuts give the gross and microscopic appearance of the Fungi 

 and the appliances for sprinkling. It is to be regretted that 

 the figures are not numbered consecutively, since the irregu- 

 larity of the numbering makes back reference difficult. On 

 the ground of good taste, too, the caricature which passes as 

 a portrait of the author in the frontispiece had better have 

 been omitted. 



The work is to be recommended to the large number of 

 persons who need a summary of this important subject with 

 a view to making a practical application of the knowledge 

 acquired. 



The Nursery Book. A Complete Guide to the Multiplication 

 and Pollination of Plants. By L. H. Bailey. New York: Rural 

 Publishing Company. 



This manual offers a sufficiently full account of the usual 

 methods of propagating and crossing plants, and it will be a 

 convenient and useful reference not only for amateurs, but for 

 nurserymen who are familiar with only a few branches of their 

 business. The great portion of the book is taken up with a 

 list of plants arranged in alphabetical order, with an explana- 

 tion of the methods of multiplying each one. We know of 

 no such complete list within anything like the compass of this 

 volume. An admirable feature of the hand-book is the ordi- 

 nal index, which groups together all the references to the 

 plants in a given family. If any plant chances to be omitted 

 from the nursery list, or if the reader desires to learn more 

 about the method of propagating some plant included in the 

 list, he can consult what is said of every other plant in this 

 natural order, and undoubtedly will find some information 

 which will prove of value. 



The explanation of the different methods of grafting, bud- 

 ding, layering, etc., are sufficiently clear and complete, 

 but the cuts which were intended to illustrate these meth- 

 ods are not nearly as good as the text ; and it seems to us 

 that the words "graftage," "seedage," "cuttage," etc., with 

 which Professor Bailey has attempted to enrich the English 

 language, were hardly worth coining. 



Notes. 



Mr. Charles Dudley Warner's articles on Southern California, 

 recently printed in Harper ' s Magazine, have been issued in 

 book form under the title, " Our Italy." 



The California State Board of Horticulture has published an 

 illustrated pamphlet, written by Mr. M. B. M. Lelong, and 

 called " The Orange from Seed to Grove," the object of which 

 is to supply reliable guidance to those who intend to plant 

 Orange-groves in that state. 



Mr. Alfred Parsons, an English artist well known in this 

 country by the books which he has illustrated in conjunction 

 with his friend, Mr. Edwin Abbey, recently opened in London 

 an exhibition of pictures called " Orchards and Gardens." 

 Many pictures of famous English gardens were included, and, 

 knowing Mr. Parsons' sympathetic feeling for such scenes, 



