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Garden and Forest, 



[Number 196. 



Hungarian vineyards have been terribly devastated of late 

 by the phylloxera, the celebrated establishments at Hegyalya, 

 the headquarters for the production of Tokay wine, having 

 been almost wholly destroyed, many other districts being in 

 as bad a case, and the pest having spread through 1,500 par- 

 ishes. 



The Grand Falls of Labrador were recently rediscovered by 

 an expedition of students from Bowdoin College, and prove to 

 be one of the greatest natural wonders of the world. The 

 precipice is 316 feet in height, and the rapids above the fall 

 make the entire descent about 500 feet. The river is a power- 

 ful stream 200 feet wide. 



The Canna, Star of '91, which was shown in abundance at the 

 late flower-show in Madison Square Garden, proved to every 

 one that it is to be classed among the very best of these dwarf 

 varieties along with Madame Crozy. Some growers claim that 

 Madame Crozy is best for outdoor work, but we could hardly 

 dispense with either one of these constantly blooming plants. 



A correspondent of the Country Gentleman states that the 

 Locust-tree was brought to this section from Virginia by Cap- 

 tain John Sands, of Sands' Point, Long Island, about 1700. 

 Durino - the last twenty years the demand for locust-timber has 

 been so heavy as to cause almost an extermination of the trees. 

 With the small supply and increasing demand, Locust-saplings 

 are sure to prove a good investment. 



The first-prize seedling Chrysanthemum of this year at the 

 Chicago exhibition was shown by Frank Leslie and named 

 Mrs. A. C. Allerton ; it is a distinct coppery yellow, incurved 

 flower of large size. Mr. J. C. Vaughan received certificates 

 for the King's Daughter, a large flower with petals of snowy 

 white, and for Golden Gate, a large double reflexed chrome- 

 yellow flower. Messrs. Pitcher & Manda also received a cer- 

 tificate for a yellow flower of the Mrs. Hardy type, and named 

 W. A. Manda. 



Among the successful Chrysanthemum exhibitions of the 

 season the one held at Buffalo last week is worthy of mention. 

 The correspondents speak in praise of seedlings raised by 

 John F. Cowell, of that city, as very meritorious, one of them 

 bein^ a hybrid between Louis Bcehmer and Lilian Bird, in 

 which the petals, although tubular, are strongly incurved. 

 William Scott's collections of Carnations were praised, and an 

 unnamed variety called No. 24, white with a fringed edge, 

 strongly scented and numerous long petals, is spoken of as an 

 excellent flower, as is No. 30, a pink, somewhat darker than 

 Grace Wilder. 



The annual Chrysanthemum-show at Indianapolis has usu- 

 ally brought out many promising seedlings, and this year 

 there were a large number certificated, several of which have 

 already been described in our columns, as, for example, 

 Pitcher & Manda's Harry May, and E. G. Hill & Co.'s 0. P. Bassett, 

 Maud Dean, Edward Hatch, Mrs. Lewis Childs, Madeira and 

 Mrs. Robert Craig. Henry Rieman won the prize for the best 

 Pink with Olga, a fine well-built flower, full and double to the 

 centre, on a strong stiff stem. Nathan Smith & Son showed 

 the best yellow in Miles A. Wheeler, and the same growers 

 won the premium for the best white flower with Mrs. Gov- 

 ernor Fifer, a flower of informal shape, with broad petals and 

 fine contour. 



It is very plain that English growers have not found out how 

 to treat the Chrysanthemum Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, as there is 

 general complaint about it in the horticultural journals across 

 the water. It is stated in The Garden that in the great national 

 Chrysanthemum-show there were not more than half a dozen 

 blooms of this variety in the whole exhibition, and only one of 

 these could be called up to exhibition form. It is a misfortune 

 that some of these English gardeners could not have seen the 

 vase of cut blooms of this variety shown at the New York ex- 

 hibition by Peter Henderson & Co. So far from not fulfilling 

 the early promise of the flower, they were better this, year than 

 ever before. The blooms were absolutely perfect, although 

 the stems were too feeble to hold them up as they should. 



A few years ago the beautiful little Ram's-head Lady's-slip- 

 per was discovered in the Chinese province of Yun Nan by 

 Abbe Delavay, and this was another illustration of the close 

 relation between the flora of eastern North America and that 

 of China and Japan. Orchids, however, are not widely dis- 

 tributed, and this fact was considered most interesting, We are 

 now informed in a note in the Gardeners' Chronicle by our 

 correspondent, Mr. R. A. Rolfe, that a collector on the Tibetan 

 frontier, Mr. A. E. Pratt, has sent some fine specimens to Kew 

 of C. spectabile, which is probably the most beautiful plant of 

 the genus and one of the most charming of our North Ameri- 



can hardy flowers. We shall, therefore, be able to speak no 

 longer of this showy Lady's-slipper as an exclusively American 

 flower. 



Everybody admires the bold masses of white flowers in the 

 autumn on well-grown plants of Pyrethrum uliginosum. In 

 many places abroad it is used at the back of a mixed border 

 with Dahlias and early-blooming Chrysanthemums in front. 

 Some people, however, think that the size of this plant- detracts 

 from its decorative value, and they will be glad to receive the 

 suggestion which Mr. R. Dean makes in the Gardeners' Maga- 

 zine, London, that branches of this plant can be layered just be- 

 fore the buds are formed, when they root readily and make 

 neat little plants, six or eight inches high, which will be cov- 

 ered with bloom. It is an easy matter to layer the plants in 

 this way, as they root readily, and the dwarf plants which are 

 thus produced will be found very useful for decorating cold 

 greenhouses or as window-plants at this season. 



Some years ago Mr. Heinrich Schmidt, of Erfurt, found in a 

 neglected nursery-garden a wild Cherry-tree, which he culti- 

 vated, and which finally became a well-grown tree of good ap- 

 pearance, and with the remarkable peculiarity of bearing ripe 

 fruit in September and October. Mr. J. C. Schmidt, who is 

 now the proprietor of the same establishment, writes to the 

 Gardeners' Chronicle to invite attention to this remarkable 

 tree, which does not begin to ripen fruit until all other cherries 

 are gone. The first ripe fruits are seen in early September, and 

 up to the middle of October there appear ripe, half-ripe and 

 unripe fruits on the tree at the same time. The fruit is said to 

 be of a dark red color, of good size, with a fine acid, vinous 

 flavor. Mr. Schmidt's letter was accompanied by a wood-cut 

 taken from a photograph executed on September the 12th, in 

 which the ripening fruit appeared. The firm has called the 

 variety Hochgenuss von Erfurt, Great Satisfaction from Erfurt. 



The King of the Belgians is well known for his devotion to 

 horticulture and landscape-gardening. For ten years His 

 Majesty has been designing and superintending alterations in 

 the palace and grounds of Ciergnon Castle, which has been 

 erected on the site of a small hunting-lodge used by the late 

 Leopold I., where there is a large and well-stocked conserva- 

 tory in which an electric-light can be made to glitter at the 

 base of every plant by simply pressing a button. The engine 

 which furnishes the electricity for the light also pumps water 

 to a large reservoir which is used for watering the plantation 

 in the park, and the tank is planned so as to be ornamental as 

 well as useful. The ground about it is arranged in a natural 

 manner, and little brooks and cascades have been made to 

 course through them under raised bridges and through gorges 

 which open vistas into the adjoining country. The grounds 

 are near the woods of the Ardennes, and they extend for a 

 distance of three leagues on a gentle declivity from the chief 

 entrance for some distance, and then rise sharply to a Pine- 

 clad ridge. 



Professor Trelease, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, has 

 issued his third announcement concerning garden-pupils. It 

 will be remembered that two years ago six scholarships were 

 established, which were to be awarded by the director on com- 

 petitive examination to young men under certain conditions 

 provided by the trustees. One candidate for these scholar- 

 ships was to be named by the Horticultural Society of Mis- 

 souri, and another by the Florists' Club of St. Louis, and of 

 the three scholarships to be awarded by the director of the 

 garden before the 1st of next April one is now reserved for 

 the nomination of the Florists' Club of St. Louis. Applications 

 for scholarships must be in the hands of the director before 

 the first day of March next, and the examination will be held 

 on March 8th at the Shaw School of Botany. We have before 

 spoken of the thorough nature of the course presented by this 

 institution, which aims to give thorough instruction in vege- 

 table-gardening, small-fruit culture, orchard-culture, forestry, 

 botany, landscape-gardening, vegetable physiology, econom- 

 ical entomology, etc. It is especially desired that the candi- 

 dates for scholarship should not be much over fourteen years 

 old, and they will receive all needed information together with 

 the necessary blanks, if they will address Professor William 

 Trelease, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 

 The course of instruction is not planned to be a mere repeti- 

 tion of the courses now offered by the numerous state colleges 

 of the country, but it is quite distinct and held strictly to what 

 will be considered necessary for the training of practical gar- 

 deners. There certainly is room for an institution of this sort 

 in the United States, and it is to be hoped that many bright 

 young men will avail themselves of the singular advantages 

 which are here offered. 



