5 82 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 198 



insigne, only one plant of the variety being found. When 

 it flowered it was named by Mr. Sander in compliment to 

 his wife. It was afterward divided into two, one of which 

 was disposed of by auction for £70, Baron Shrceder being 

 the purchaser ; the other was sold to Mr. R. H. Measures, 

 whose collection of Cypripediums is famous for its rich- 

 ness and splendid condition. Mr. Measures divided his 

 plant into four, one of which was sold to F. L. Ames, Esq., 

 of New York, one to Mr. R. J. Measures, and the third is 

 that for which Messrs. Sander & Co. have paid ^250. At 

 this rate the single plant introduced three years ago has 

 now a value of ^2,000 ; at any rate, one-eighth of it has 

 been sold for an eighth of that sum. Of course, the plant 

 has this value only to collectors of Cypripediums. 



Dendrobium formosum giganteum. — This is a most attrac- 

 tive Orchid at this time of year. Several very large importa- 

 tions of it were made last year and the year before, conse- 

 quently the plant is abundantly represented in collections 

 here now. Plants one and a half feet high, with stout leafy 

 pseudo-bulbs bearing terminal clusters of from three to five 

 flowers, each fully four inches across and suggestive in 

 form of a Cattleya. They are pure white, with a blotch 

 of deep yellow on the curiously plated lip. They remain 

 fresh on the plant about a month. This species is abun- 

 dant in north-east India and Burma, and as it travels well 

 it is always plentiful and cheap in England. Its one draw- 

 back is its failing in health after about two years' cultiva- 

 tion. Still it is by far the largest and most beautiful of all 

 white-flowered Dendrobiums, and it never fails to flower 

 freely the first year after importation. 



New Roses of 1891. — A writer in the Gardeners' Magazine 

 calls attention to the following new kinds of Roses as being 

 the best this year : 



Margaret Dickson (Hybrid Perpetual) was sent out by 

 Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, who last year obtained a 

 gold medal for it. Messrs. Dickson describe it as follows : 

 "White, with pale flesh centre, petals very large, shell- 

 shape, and of immense substance, magnificent form, 

 growth very vigorous and covered with stout spines, foli- 

 age very large and dark green in color. Unquestionably 

 the greatest acquisition made to Roses during the past ten 

 years." This is a little too much to say of a Rose which has 

 had only a year's trial, although at the National Rose Society's 

 Exhibition it was awarded first prize for a stand of twelve 

 flowers of a new Rose, as well as first for a stand of twelve 

 white Roses. . 



Salamander (Hybrid Perpetual). " Flowers bright scarlet- 

 crimson ; very vivid in summer and deep and glowing in 

 autumn ; large and full outer petals reflexed, centre erect ; 

 free-blooming, strong in growth, constitution good." This 

 is another gold-medal variety raised by Messrs. W. Paul & 

 Son, with whom it was in fine condition in August. 



Marchioness of Dufferin (Hybrid Perpetual). The 

 raisers, Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, describe this as "a 

 worthy partner of our Earl Dufferin, which has attained 

 a world-wide celebrity as the best dark Rose introduced 

 since 1869. The flowers are of enormous size, their color 

 a beautiful rosy pink, suffused with yellow at the base of 

 the petals, which are reflexed. The growth is vigorous." 

 This Rose was highly commended at the National Rose 

 Society's Exhibition, held in London, and afterward ob- 

 tained the gold medal when exhibited before the same so- 

 ciety in Hereford. It is distinct in color, being almost 

 lilac, and it is excellent in form and size. 



Crimson Queen (Hybrid Perpetual). This is a most 

 beautiful Rose, which I saw among Messrs. W. Paul & 

 Son's flowers at the Temple Show. It has velvety flow- 

 ers, colored maroon, shaded with fiery red in the centre ; 

 very large, full ; globular in form. The plant is said to be 

 very vigorous and to produce abundant and large flowers 

 equally well out-of-doors and under glass. It will proba- 

 bly prove a good early variety. 



Waban (Tea). This is of American origin, and is a sport 

 from Catherine Mermet. It is described as resembling its 

 parent in foliage and growth. The flowers are carmine- 



pink, splashed with madder-red, the reflexed petals more 

 delicate in color. Roughly it may be called a deep-colored 

 Catherine Mermet. It is being distributed in England by 

 Messrs. W. Paul & Son, who have a very high opinion of it 

 as a Tea Rose. 



Medea (Tea). Raised by Messrs. W. Paul & Son, who 

 describe it as having "flowers lemon color, canary-yellow 

 in the centre ; clear and bright shades of color ; large in 

 size ; very full ; buds inclined to be high-centred, but ex- 

 panded flowers more globular; growth vigorous; a grand 

 tea-scented Rose." 



Mrs. Paul, another of Messrs. W. Paul & Son's new varie- 

 ties, a Bourbon, is also spoken of very highly. 

 Kew. W. Watson. 



Cultural Department. 



Apples in 1891. — II. 



Winter Apples. — Belmont is one of the early winter fruits 

 that ought to be more generally grown. It is most popular in 

 Michigan, is of fine quality and a very handsome blush yellow. 

 It is often called Waxen, from its oily skin. It grows rapidly 

 and bears heavily. The wood of the tree is brittle. Baldwin 

 is too well known to need any description. It varies im- 

 mensely on stock and with soils, and is best when grown on 

 old trees grafted high. Spitzenburg is really the best of apples 

 for cooking. For a time it was argued that the Spitzenburg 

 had run out, and could no longer be grown ; but if the fruit 

 is syringed against codlin moth and the bark washed with kero- 

 sene emulsion, it will thrive, but it needs rich soil or high feed- 

 ing. Hubbardston is a superb apple in December. In January 

 it begins to lose its spicy flavor. It is a beautiful apple and 

 borne here in abundance. Young trees often overbear. The 

 wood is rather brittle. This year a tree of this variety in fruit 

 has presented an appearance truly splendid. 



Grimes' Golden is a fairly good apple of medium size and 

 bears well. It does not rank as high here as in the west, but 

 for vigorous growth and health the tree is admirable, and 

 every orchard should have a few. Jonathan is an apple of the 

 very first quality. It is a seedling of Spitzenburg, deep red in 

 color and strikingly handsome. It bears enormously. North- 

 ern Spy is a superb fruit, and is almost a universal favorite. 

 Throughout the whole Apple-belt, from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific, it does well. To be at its best it should grow on very 

 open trees and in strong soil. When ripened in the shade this 

 apple is flavorless. It is now our most profitable apple for gen- 

 eral culture ; this year, however, for some reason, the fruit is not 

 high-colored. Rhode Island Greening is a long name,' but we 

 must retain it, as there are several Greenings in our orchards. 

 It is not easy to get the genuine Rhode Island Greening, which 

 is yellow fleshed and very rich-flavored. Eatable in Decem- 

 ber, the Greening is in good condition and high quality until 

 April. Roxburv Russet is among the ten best Apples here. It 

 bears admirably, the trees are very enduring, and for baking no 

 late winter apple surpasses it. The tree is inclined to bear early, 

 and to grow low and spreading. It is a favorite of the codlin 

 moth, and the fruit is specially relished by fowl and cattle. 

 Princess Louise, a seedling of Fameuse, is a handsome, deli- 

 cious fruit, with flesh white, and a flavor much like its parent. 

 It is beyond price, and very hardy. The Newtown Pippin, 

 Peck's Pleasant and Canada Red are local fruits, and so, prac- 

 tically, is the Tompkins County King. This last never gives 

 full crops outside a few favored localities unless syringed, and 

 even then the crop is too largely defective. Swaar is an old 

 English sort of extraordinary quality, a large, handsome fruit ; 

 and the tree is hardy, but not a first-class grower. Westfield 

 Seek-no-farther has done as well as ever, and always does well, 

 giving large clean fruit, handsome and very excellent for table 

 use. Yellow Bellflower has done but poorly in this section, 

 and generally in the east, but in the west is a prime favorite. 

 It is specially in need of syringing. The Kirkland, a seedling 

 from the Bellflower, is a grand acquisition, for a very large, 

 very showy and very late keeper. Wagner I do not place low 

 in the list because of its inferior quality. It is one of our very 

 best ; and for table-use in late winter is invaluable. For my 

 personal preference I place together Greening, Jonathan and 

 Wagner for late winter. It is a northern Apple, and will prob- 

 ably fail in the south. 



Sweet Apples. — For summer I have named the old Harvest 

 Bough, or Sweet Bough. For early winter, the Pound Sweet, 

 grown as it should be on open trees, is the best. It is growing 

 in favor again, after being displaced in part by Tolman's. It 



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