64 P. M. DUNCAN ON THE ECHINODERMATA OF THE 



Species of the Australian Cainozoic fauna with affinities to the 

 Nummulitic faunas of Europe and India. 



Tenifiechinus lineatus. 



Pygorhynchus Vassali (and in Miocene of Malta). 



Eupatagus rotundus. 



Lovenia Forbesi. 



VI. Remarks on the Species. 



IiEIOCTDARIS AUSTRALIA, Sp. nOY. 



This form has conjugate pores in the poriferous zone, and therefore 

 is separable from its fellow and equally doubtful subgenus Doroci- 

 daris of the genus Cidaris. These two divisions of Cidaris, how- 

 ever, are very useful. It is interesting to find the form in the 

 Australian Tertiaries, especially when the necessity of recognizing 

 the genus Phyllacanthus as almost a synonym of Leiocidaris brings 

 the Australian species P. annidifer, P. dubius, P. imperialism and 

 P. verticillatus into relation with it. The alliance is strongest with 

 Phyllacanthus dubius, Brandt. This group of genera or subgenera 

 has no species in the recent fauna to the south of Australia, or in 

 the New-Zealand seas, and it belongs rather to the area of the 

 warmer littoral tracts to the north, north-east, and west. The re- 

 semblance of the fossil form to the Cidaridse of Malta, especially to 

 C. Adamsi, Wright, is rather remote ; but, taken in connexion with 

 the resemblances of many of the other fossil Echini of the Austra- 

 lian area to the Maltese, it is significant of a singular homotaxis. 

 This species is not without some resemblance to Cidaris Forch- 

 hammeri, Desor, from the Upper Chalk (Danien) of Erance. 



Psammechinus "Woodsi, Laube. 



This species has been noticed by Mr. Etheridge, who has given a 

 figure of its abactinal area in his "Australian Tertiary Echinoderms " 

 (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxi. pi. xxi. fig. 10), and has thus 

 added to Laube's descriptions and figures (op. cit. p. 185 and figs. 

 1, la, 16). Laube notices its resemblance to Psammechinus monilis, 

 Defr. (Ealunian), and that Eorbes considers this last to be a living 

 Mediterranean form. The species is very like Echinus macrotuber- 

 culatus, Blainv., of the Mediterranean and Cape-Verd Islands ; and 

 A. Agassiz (op. cit. p. 492) notices the resemblance of this to the 

 recent Echinus magellanicus of New Zealand and South America. 

 Moreover the affinity of P. Woodsi to Echinus angidosus, Agassiz 

 (op. cit. p. 489), is very close. This last is an Echinus not to be 

 distinguished from Psammechinus, and is found in the seas of the 

 Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, Red Sea, Philippines, and New 

 Zealand. 



The distinction of Echinus proper and Psammechinus is not even 

 properly subgeneric (see A. Agassiz, op. cit. p. 490) ; and this has been 

 felt by nearly every student of the Echinodermata, from Eorbes to the 

 present time, whenever the recent and fossil Echini have formed part 



