AUSTRALIAN CAINOZOIC (TERTIARY) DEPOSITS. 65 



of the same course of study. The affinities of this Psammechinus 

 with small tubercles are with its congeners Echinus angulosus and 

 E. magellanicus. 



Paradoxechinfs novus, Laube. 



This I believe to be a badly grown Temnechinus allied to T. line- 

 atus, nobis, from the Australian Tertiaries. 



Temnechinus lineatus, nobis. 



This genus, so familiar to British palaeontologists, as being found 

 represented by species in our Tertiaries, has lasted to Recent times, 

 and one species occurs in the Australian Cainozoic deposits. Tem- 

 nechinus maculatus, formerly Goniociclaris maculatus, A. Agassiz, is 

 found at from 30 to 100 fathoms in the American seas, and is not 

 without its affinities with the Australian fossil. These are generic 

 only ; but the changes which occur in the ornamentation of this living 

 species during its growth are sufficient to explain the impossibility 

 of making accurate and arbitrary diagnoses. A. Agassiz notices the 

 presence of Temnechinus in the Nummulitic of Scinde, under the guise 

 of Temnopleurus or Opechinus. The affinities of this Australian form 

 are therefore remotely with the Nummulitic forms to the north, and 

 with the recent species in the Atlantic and the Crag forms. 



EcHINARACHNTUS PARMA, Gray. 



This ubiquitous species belongs to the recent faunas of both sides 

 of the North-American area, and is found to the north of China and 

 in the Australian seas. This vast horizontal range is in keeping 

 with the fact of its being found in these Australian Cainozoic de- 

 posits ; so that the form has no inconsiderable age. 



The other recent species are from California, Kamtschatka, and 

 Japan. There is a fossil Echhiarachnius which was collected by 

 Mr. C. Darwin in the Tertiary deposits of Port St.* Julien, Patagonia. 

 It was described by Desor, and named by him E. juliensis. The 

 periproct, in this instance, he states, is inframarginal and not mar- 

 ginal ; and the shape is discoid and flat like that of E. parma. The 

 position of the anus depends on the stage of growth, and is not a 

 specific distinction ; and therefore it is as well to absorb Desor's 

 species. Nevertheless the fact of the discovery in Patagonia is 

 exceedingly interesting. 



EcHINANTHUS TESTUDINARIUS, Gray. 



This species is also found in the recent fauna of the Red Sea, 

 Borneo, Australia, Sandwich Islands, Japan, and California. The 

 fossil specimen is large and very Clypeastroid in appearance. It is 

 impossible to ascertain the fossil alliances, as the genus which is so 

 well defined in the Recent fauna admits of half a dozen well-marked 

 genera in the fossil faunas. 



Arachnoides Loveni, nobis. 



This Cainozoic species is distinct from the recent forms A. placenta 

 and A. zelandice described by Gray ; for it has deeper incisions at the 



Q. J. G. S. No. 129. p 



