G8 P. M. DUNCAN ON THE ECECINODEEMATA OF THE 



the Australian deposits ; and there is a Recent form, Eupatagus 

 Valenciennesi, Agassiz, in the Australian seas. Two of the species 

 are described in this communication ; and the others are to be found 

 in Laube's essay (op. cit. p. 195). Eupatagus rotundus, mihi, is an 

 exceedingly beautiful species and is a large form. E. Laubei is 

 smaller, and with its small tubercles, petals of equal size, and the 

 forward peristome is distinguished from all others. The genus is 

 well represented in the Eocene, especially in the French and Indian 

 Nummulitic. It occurs in the European Mid Tertiaries also. 



Lovenia Foebesi, syn. Hemipatagus Forbesi, Woods and Duncan. 



The beautiful fossils from Mordialloc (which have all their orna- 

 mentation perfect) prove that Hemipatagus is really a form of 

 Lovenia. There is an internal fasciole and a subanal one also. The 

 descriptions in the part of this paper which refers to the species are 

 so full that it i3 not necessary to recapitulate here. The genus 

 Lovenia (Hemipatagus included) is of some antiquity, as species have 

 been found in the Nummulitic of North Africa, the Crimea, and 

 Sinai, in the Miocene of Corsica, and of the Bavarian Alps. It is 

 found in the Pliocene of Java and in the Cainozoic deposits of New 

 Zealand. It is, as Lovenia, a Recent genus of great beauty ; and there 

 are three species — one from the gulf of California, one from China, 

 Japan, and the Sandwich Islands, and a third from the Red Sea, the 

 Philippines, and the Australian coast. 



A great Schizaster is found in the Adelaide Tertiaries, and it is 

 undistinguishable from Schizaster ventricosus of the Australian fauna. 



The Micraster noticed by Laube and Etheridge is not unlike some 

 European forms, and has a most Cretaceous appearance ; but in a 

 specimen in the British Museum there are faint indications of a 

 lateral fasciole. 



The new genus Megalaster is represented by one species ; it re- 

 calls the Cardiasters, but there are generic differences in the relative 

 size of the pores of the poriferous zones, and in the absence of 

 fascioles in the new form. Nevertheless the position of the mouth 

 and the general shape recall the Cardiasters described by Stoliczka in 

 his monograph on the Echinodermata of the Cretaceous deposits of 

 Southern India. The size of the species is great, and perhaps is 

 only surpassed by Plagionotus at the present day. It is probably 

 an extinct form, and was a remnant of the Cretaceous fauna which 

 died out in the Miocene. 



VII. Conclusions. 



It will have been noticed from the description of the species, and 

 from the summary just given of their peculiarities and alliances, 

 that the Australian Cainozoic Echini are remarkable as a fauna. 

 A portion of the assemblage looks very recent ; another appears as 

 if it had been selected from distant recent faunas ; and a third has 

 an evident affinity to that of the present Australian seas. Then 

 the presence of such genera as TemnecJiinus, Echinolampas, Pygo- 



