A. LEITH ADAMS ON THE FAUNA OF THE MALTESE CAVERNS. 187 



in the other large bones with prominent rugosities. The shaft is 

 flat below, becoming rounded towards the middle. In T. ephippium 

 the shaft is rounded posteriorly and flat, with a concavity close to 

 the articulation on its tibial aspect. The circumference at midshaft 

 is 60 millimetres in the fossil, and only 45 millims. in T. ephippium. 

 A prominent rugosity for muscular attachment occupies the ante- 

 rior border near the distal extremity, whilst a well-defined ridge 

 runs up the posterior border and is lost about midshaft. Altogether 

 this bone presents different characters from the fibula of T. elephan- 

 topus and T. ephippium, and bears a closer resemblance to that of 

 T. viciyia, and perhaps also of T. ponderosa, as far as I have been 

 enabled to compare it with a specimen of the fibula of the latter 

 in the possession of Dr. Giinther, to whose masterly determina- 

 tions we are indebted for the only lucid descriptions yet given 

 of the osteology of the gigantic land-tortoises of the Galapagos 

 Islands. 



The foregoing Testudinea and Emydea must be admitted as inter- 

 esting additions to the already goodly list of remarkable animal 

 remains from the rock-rents of Malta. 



The gigantic land Chelonians and their freshwater congener, 

 when considered in relation to the gigantic Dormouse and water- 

 birds and the small Pachydermata, furnish further proofs of the 

 physical conditions requisite for the maintenance of such a varied 

 fauna. This subject, however, deserves special consideration, not 

 contemplated in the present communication. 



The vertebrated and invertebrated animals hitherto recorded from 

 the Cavern and alluvial deposits of Malta may be enumerated as 

 follows : — 



Mammalia. 



Equas, sp. Horse, sp. ? 



Hippopotamus Penilandi. Pentland's Hippopotamus. 



Hippopotamus minutus. Pygmy Hippopotamus. 



Cervus dama. Fallow Deer. 



Cervus vel Capra. Deer or Goat, sp. ? 



Cams. Pox, sp. ?. 



Elephas mnaidriensis. Large Maltese Elephant. 



FAephas melitensis. Smaller Maltese Elephant. 



Elephas Falconeri. Pygmy Maltese Elephant. 



Myoxus melitensis. Great Dormouse. 



Myoxus Cartei (?). Carte's Dormouse. 



Arvicola amphibia. Water- Yole. 



Aves. 



Cygnus Falconeri. Falconer's Swan. 

 Cygnus musicus(?). Wild Swan. 

 Bernicla vel Anser. Bernicle or Goose, sp. 

 Anas, sp. Duck, sp. ? 



