362 



J. F. BLAKE A.ND W. H. H.T7DLEST0N ON 



mocones of immense Belemnites, besides abundance of coniferous 

 wood. The fossils known to us are : — 



c. 



c. 



c. 

 c. 



Belemnites abbreviates, Mill. ] 



( phragmocones). 

 Ammonites cordatus, Sow. 

 — — vertebralis, Sow. 



perarmatus, Sow. 



Gryphsea, or Ostrea (large) dila- 



tata?, Sow. 



Exogyra (Ostrea) nana, Sow. 

 ? young of dilatata. 

 c. Pecten fibrosus, Sow. 

 c. Modiola bipartita, Sow. 

 V.c. Rhynchonella Thurmanni, Voltz. 

 Collyrites bicordatus, LesJce (small 

 variety). 

 t c. Holectypus depressus, Lam. 



The Mill-Hill quarry on the east side of the Park presents us 

 with a similar fauna ; but there is more of the hard blue rock 

 mingled with the freestones. The tolerable abundance of Amm. per- 

 armatus in both these quarries at Castle Howard indicates that they 

 are low down in the Lower Calcareous Grit, the basal portions of 

 which are thus illustrated. 



Higher portions, according to our judgment, of the same series 

 may be seen some 4 miles to the N.W. of this in Hovingham Park, 

 where the beds are cropping out to the north. Here the following 

 section mav be seen : — 



ft. 



1. Soil, shattered rock, and coral doggers 9 



2. Fine white oolite (Coralline oolite) 10 



3. Shale, sometimes merely a clay streak 



4. Impure yellowish limestones spotted with oolitic granules, the bottom 



bed almost a calc-grit 10 



5. Blue shale 



6. Peculiar argillaceous calc-grit, with three clay bands — base not seen, 



say 12 



in. 

 

 

 9 



6 

 9 







43 



These beds are unfortunately very devoid of fossils ; but we may 

 judge them to represent the upper part of the Lower Calcareous 

 Grit as it is changing into the Coralline Oolite : the impure speckled 

 limestone has much of the lithological character we noted in the 

 Passage-beds at Oswaldkirk and Cauklass Bank, on the opposite 

 side of the erosion which divides the Hambleton from the Howardian 

 Hills. It also resembles a fossiliferous rock which we consider to 

 occupy the same geological position at Appleton. The upper portion 

 is here so broken that we cannot tell what succeeds ; but the pre- 

 sence of coral doggers in the top shows that the Rag is not far up 

 the hill ; perhaps, however, it would be unsafe to judge the representa- 

 tive of the Coralline oolite from this small exposure, as Hovingham 

 quarry, only half a mile off, gives us 25 feet of this class of rock. 

 The clays and shales are here an interesting feature, which, to a 

 certain extent, is peculiar to this area. 



The next section offered for consideration is more interesting, viz. 

 that at Appleton, a village about halfway between Hovingham and 

 Malton, where there is apparently a slight upthrow of the strata, so 

 that a low horizon is obtained. The annexed general scheme of the 

 Corallian beds (fig. 18) is drawn up from observations made in the 

 " old-sandstone " quarry west of the village, in the church quarry, 

 and in a quarry east of the village. 



