GATJLT AND UPPER CHALK NEAR FOLKESTONE. 447 



was mainly derived from coprolite-diggers, and was not trustworthy. 

 In Prof. Seeley's opinion, the differences in the deposits which had 

 led Mr. Jukes-Browne astray were due to relative distance from the 

 land which furnished the materials of the deposits ; and he stated 

 that his opinion was founded upon a careful consideration of beds 

 both above and below. Beds in the Gault contain phosphatic nodules 

 similar to those of the Cambridge Greensand ; and in both forma- 

 tions these have been rolled and washed about near a shore, and 

 are not in either case derived. What are supposed to be Chalk- 

 Marl fossils peculiar to the deposit are the species which lived in 

 deeper water ; what are supposed to be derivative Gault fossils are 

 the species of the Laminarian zone, which, when mineralized with 

 phosphate of lime, were rolled down into deep water and mixed with 

 the others. 



Rev. J. E. Blake remarked, with regard to Mr. Price's paper, that 

 he was glad to see an English geologist taking up the paheontologi- 

 cal or zonal investigation of our Chalk ; but he deprecated the dis- 

 crimination of so many zones in this series, and expressed grave 

 doubts whether so minute a classification could be at all widely 

 applied. In reply to Prof. Seeley's remarks on Mr. Jukes-Browne's 

 paper, he urged that if phosphatic nodules are found in the Gault, 

 this was another argument in favour of the view that those of the 

 so-called Cambridge Greensand had been washed out of the earlier 

 formation. 



Mr. Meyer said that he was well acquainted with the Dover sec- 

 tion, which he had carefully measured, and he agreed with Mr. Price 

 as to the absence of the Upper Greensand in these sections. He 

 added that the Chloritic Marl, although a very thin bed, is a reality, 

 and exceedingly rich in fossils. He agreed with Mr. Jukes-Browne 

 in thinking that there was a great break between the Gault and the 

 Chalk Marl in the Cambridge section. 



Mr. J. F. Walker maintained that most of the fossils in the Cam- 

 bridge beds are derived ; the bed is of the age of the Chalk Marl, 

 and varies in character owing to the mixture of Gault Clay 

 with it. Some of the Reptiles may be of Upper-Greensand age, 

 having lived on mud banks during the process of the denudation of 

 the Gault. 



Mr. H. B. Woodward inquired whether we might not legitimately 

 consider the question of the Chalk conditions having come on earlier 

 in the east of England than in the west. He mentioned that in the 

 western counties we have evidence of shallow-water conditions in 

 the lower beds of the Chalk, while the Upper Chalk, as Mr. Whitaker 

 had pointed out, overlapped the Lower. He stated also that both 

 Holaster subglobosus and Ammonites rJiotomagensis occur in the 

 Chloritic Marl of the west. 



Mr. Whitaker defended Mr. Jukes-Browne's views, from his own 

 observations of the country ; and stated that Mr. Jukes-Browne had 

 not got all his information from coprolite-workers, but to a very 

 large extent from personal observation. 



Mr. Price said that the general concurrence of the speakers left 



