OP HT^NARCTOS IN THE RED CRAG OF SUFFOLK. 535 



as in Mr. Reed's specimen. On the other hand, considerable por- 

 tions of the enamel have been chipped off from the inner edge of 

 the crown, while in the latter, which was derived from a younger 

 animal, the crown is absolutely perfect. 



Having compared Mr. Canham's tooth with the corresponding 

 one of the original specimen of Hyamarctos sivalensis, Pale. & Cautl., 

 from the Sewalik Hills, now in the British Museum, I can detect no 

 appreciable difference — certainly none which would warrant, in the 

 absence of other evidence, the imposition of a new specific name. 

 Tho dimensions are identical ; and so are the general contours of the 

 margins, and the form and position of the cusps. At first sight a 

 considerable difference is apparent in the outline of the inner edge, 

 as seen when looking down on the grinding-surface ; but this arises 

 from the dofective condition of the enamel noticed above, portions 

 both of the anterior and posterior angles of the inner border having 

 been lost, and giving tho appearance of an angular rather than 

 straight inner margin. The Sewalik animal was older, and the 

 tooth more worn, which ma} r account for the absence, or, at all 

 events, less distinct evidenco of the fine striation of the surface of 

 the enamel, in linos converging to the apices of tho cusps, which is 

 beautifully seen in both tho Crag teeth. 



The Sewalik specimen was first described by Cautloy and Fal- 

 coner, in the 'Asiatic Researches,' vol. xix. p. 193 (1836), under 

 the name of Ursus sivalensis ; and it is certainly very closely allied 

 to the true bears, though in its dentition somewhat less specialized 

 than the modern representatives of the group. It has no particular 

 affinity with Hyama, as the name by which it is now generally 

 known might be supposed to indicate. In an unpublished plate of 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' executed about 1848, tho species is 

 designated Ursus (subgenus Hyamarctos) sivalensis * ; and the same 

 name must have been used by Falconer and Cautley before that 

 date, as it is quoted in Owen's ' Odontography,' p. 503 (1845), 

 although in 1842 Dr. Falconer objected to Blainville's proposed re- 

 moval of the animal from the genus Ursusf. In 1837 "Wagner gave 

 the name of Ayr iotherium, and in 1841 Blainville both A mphiarctos 

 and Sivalarctos, to Ursus sivalensis ; so that, strictly speaking, all of 

 these names have the priority to Falconer's; but, as Gervais remarks, 

 " toutefois le mot Hyamarctos a prevalu." It is adopted in Pictet's 

 4 Traite de Paleontologie,' vol. i. p. 18. 



Remains of an animal of the same genus have been found in the 

 Pliocene marine sands of Montpellier, and described and figured by 

 Gervais J under the name of Hyamarctos insignis, though the specific 

 distinctions between them and those from the Sewalik Hills are not 

 very striking. As I found by direct comparison in the Paris Museum, 

 the first true molar differs from the Crag teeth in having the two 

 inner cusps more distinctly separated, instead of constituting an 



* C. Murchisou, in Falconer's ' Palreontological Memoirs,' vol. i. p. 329. 



t See ' Palreont. Mem.' vol. i. p. 328. 



J 'Paleontologie et Zoologie Franchise,' 2nd. edit. (1859). 



Q.J.G. S. No. 131. 2n 



