J. MAGENS MELLO ON THE BONE-CAVES OF CRESWELL CRAGS. 583 



Possibly this clay may have been connected with the same flow of 

 water which afterwards deposited the gravel and conglomerate in 

 the same chambers. Bones were very abundant in this red sand- 

 bed, together with teeth of most of the Mammalia occurring in the 

 upper beds ; in the argillaceous portion of it, under the breccia, on 

 the left-hand side of Chamber A, where the cave- earth was very 

 thin, a nearly perfect skull of the Hysena was found, and also one 

 of the Fox, and the posterior part of a Wolf's skull, together with 

 fragments of the lower jaw of the Horse, and other remains. In 

 the red sand of Chamber A, up to the close of 1875, we had obtained 

 no evidence of human occupation during the period of its deposition ; 

 but further in, especially in Chambers G and F, a considerable 

 number of worked quartzite pebbles were found in this bed. 



7. Original Floor. — The original floor of the Robin-Hood Cave 

 was immediately below the red sand, and consisted of a greater or 

 less thickness of decomposed limestone rock forming a whitish sand 

 containing angular fragments of the limestone. In this no remains 

 of any sort were found. 



8. Chamber C. — It will be observed that comparatively few bones 

 were discovered in Chamber C, large as is this portion of the cave. 

 The rock floor in it was generally nearer to the roof than in the 

 other chambers, and the deposits of cave-earth and sand were, on 

 the whole, less thick ; at the extreme left a considerable stalagmitic 

 deposit is to be seen coating the rock. The comparative absence of 

 bones in this chamber may perhaps be attributed to the presence of 

 a stream of water running for some time through this branch of the 

 cavern. 



9. Chambers D and E. — The little side chamber, D, was formed by 

 a protruding mass of rock ; it consisted of a hollow in the rocky 

 floor, and was consequently filled up with a greater thickness of beds 

 than C. This was also the case with Chamber E ; the narrow 

 passage leading into it was bare of any deposits, the limestone floor 

 rising to the surface from beneath the cave-earth of the adjoining 

 chamber. In both chambers, D and E, we found at least 8 feet of 

 cave-earth and red sand (fig. 7) containing bones and teeth : the 

 surface-soil, which had been previously examined, had yielded some 

 traces of occupation by man in Eoman and post-Roman times. 



10. Chamber G. — The small opening G, on the right-hand side of 

 the cave, was filled up to within a few inches of the roof. The 

 breccia at its mouth was 16 inches thick and contained bones; 

 further in it decreased to about 2 inches ; it was followed by the 

 complete sequence of beds, viz. cave-earth, mottled bed, and red 

 sand ; the mottled bed died out at about 10 feet from the entrance 

 of the aperture (fig. 6). A considerable number of bones and 

 teeth were found in this chamber, amongst them a lower jaw of 

 C. mec/aceros, a pelvis of the Woolly Rhinoceros, many teeth of the 

 same animal and of the Hyaena and others, some large bones of the 

 Mammoth, and also many quartzite implements, as well as the second 

 of the clay-ironstone ones already mentioned. 



11. Terminal Fissure. — At the extremity of Chamber F (fig. 5), 

 Q.J.G.S. No. 131. 2q 



