OF THE CAVES OF CRESWELL CRAGS. 591 



time of the accumulation above it, the proportion of remains in each 

 being as 156 : 3610. 



The remains of the animals were also, on the whole, more perfect 

 in the red sand than in the cave-earth, and not so much gnawed by 

 the hyaenas. 



We may also observe that here, as in Wookey Hole, hyaenas, rhi- 

 noceroses, horses, and reindeer are most abundant among the lower 

 animals ; while the traces of man, represented mainly by flint and 

 quartzite implements, being practically indestructible, stand at the 

 head of the list. 



B. Palaeolithic Man. 

 The implements and ornaments left behind by palaeolithic man 

 amount to a number of no less than 1040, all of which, with the ex- 

 ception of a few of the trimmed flakes and the incised figure of a horse 

 engraved on a fragment of rib, are of the simplest forms, and of the types 

 which I have already described in my former paper. The conclusion 

 thus arrived at, that the rude implements of quartzite were used by 

 the hunters before the more carefully finished implements of flint, 

 is thoroughly borne out by this exploration ; for although the absence 

 of the breccia in which most of the more finely worked implements 

 were met with in 1875 rendered the definition of the horizon of flint 

 from that of the quartzite less distinct than before, we observed that, 

 on the whole, the flints were found in the upper part of the cave- 

 earth, while the quartzite implements were mainly found in the lower 

 portion. The latter also ranged downwards, as may be seen from 

 the following Table, into the lower red sand and clay, while the 

 former did not. 



Distribution of Traces of Palaeolithic Man in Robin-Hood Cave, 1876. 



Lower red sand Breccia and 



and clay. cave-earth. 



Incised figure of Horse (fig. 1) . . 1 



Bone awl 1 



Pointed antler-tips 43 



Incised bone 1 



Flint flakes, simple 143 



Simple scrapers 6 



Double scraper 1 



Lanceolate trimmed flakes 3 



Oval trimmed flakes 4 



Flakes worn to bevelled edge (see 



Q.J.G.S.1876,figs.9,10,p.253) 8 



Chipping-block 1 



Splinters 296 



Oval ironstone implement (fig. 2) . 2 



Ironstone fragments 2 



Quartzite round stones 5 48 



„ choppers 8 



„ hammer stones 19 



„ scrapers 3 



chips 3 442 



Total 8 1032 



