OF THE CAVES OF CItESWELL CRAGS. 



599 



forms (U. arctos and U. ferox) in North America are merely varieties 

 "or subspecies" of one species. 



D. Orders Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, and Rodeatia. 



The remains of the Reindeer, Bison, and Irish Elk merit no 

 special attention. It may, however, be remarked that of the teeth 

 of the first of these, amounting to 200, eleven are milk-molars, two 

 being deciduous molar 2. We may also observe the absence of the 

 Stag, which is, as a rule, very rare in the Pleistocene caves of this 

 country, while in the prehistoric deposits it is very abundant. In 

 the early Pleistocene, as, for example, in the Lower Brickearths of 

 the Thames Valley, the animal abounded in Britain. It retreated 

 before the advance of the Reindeer as the temperature became 

 lowered, and it did not again appear in force till after the close of 

 the Pleistocene age. 



Woolly Rhinoceros. — The adult Woolly Rhinoceros is represented 

 by 145 teeth, the young by 108. All these but three were discovered 

 near the cave-earth. 



Horse. — Most of the teeth of Horses belong to adults ; but 29 

 milk-teeth prove that the colts were also present. 



On comparing the limb-bones with those of a Shetland pony and 

 the racehorse "Orlando" in the College of Surgeons, it is evident 

 that the animal to which they belonged was about the size of a stout 

 cob-horse, being considerably larger than the former, and falling 

 short of the stature of the latter. The horse, however, of the 

 Pleistocene age varied considerably in size. In the museum at Lyons 

 a skeleton, set up from the remains found at Solutre, is not taller 

 than that of a middle-sized pony ; and the remains found in the cave 

 at Shandon are considered by Prof. Leith Adams, F.R.S., to belong 

 to animals about 1-1 hands high. 





Humerus. 



Radius. 



Metacarpal. 



T3 





na 





T3 



i 





o 

 o 



w 



T3 



GO 



u 



o 



o 



o ,n3 



i 1 «3 b 



DO 



o 



O 



o 



w 



13 



m 



u 

 o 





g 



S 3 S 



A 



fl 1+3 £ 



Xi 



h 



^ 8 



A 







<D O 







■3 <D O 



<D 





<D O 



© 





o 



^=1 P-l 







o 

 M 



02 



03 







8-4 



13-0 13-8 135 



9-8 



145 



9-2 9-2 



70 



9-9 



2. Minimum circumference 



56 5'5 



3-75 



8-4 5-25 5-5 



3-4 



5-6 



4-5 4-25 



2-95 



4-2 



3. Transversemeasurement 





















of proximal articulation 



30 ... 



2-25 



34 



3-3 325 



2-3 



3-5 



2-2 21 



1-6 



23 



4. Vertical measurement of 



















proximal articulation ... 



4-4 ... 





33 



1-5 1-25 







1-2514 







5. Transverse measurement 





















of distal articulation . . . 



33 325 2-25 



34 



2-75 2-8 



2-0 



30 



21 21 1-55 



22 



6. Vertical measurement of 















distal articulation 39 3'9 ] ... 





1-25 1-25 







23 2-4 





Q..T. G. S. No. 131. 



2r 



