OF THE CAVES OF CRESWELL CRAGS. 



601 



Prehistoric (?) and Historic Fauna of Robin-Hood Cave, 1876. 





Jaws. 



Teeth. 



Bones. 

 Antlers. 



Total. 



Wild Cat (Felis catus ferus) 



2 



3 



1 

 1 



2 



1 



13 

 2 



5 



5 



2 



10 



2 



2 



15 



4 



2 

 17 



87 

 15 



51 



2 

 2 



18 

 1 

 I 

 4 

 7 

 2 



20 

 110 



19 



56 



Dog ( Canis familiar is) 



Fox (C vidpes) 



Marten (Mustela martes) 



Stoat (M. erminea\ 



Badger ( Meles taxus) 





Roe (C capreolus\ 



Shorthorn (Bos longifrons) 







To these may be added a few birds' bones. 



We may remark that the condition of the remains of the Dog show 

 that it was used for food as well as for the chase. 



This group of remains belongs to the historic period, as established 

 by the Romano -British pottery and enamelled brooch. 



Three small fragments of pottery, black in colour, and with little 

 fragments of limestone imbedded in its paste, are of the same sort 

 as that generally found in Neolithic deposits, and are unlike any 

 Romano-British pottery which I have seen. They may imply that 

 the cave was used as a shelter by Neolithic tribes as well as by 

 Palaeolithic hunters and Romano-British refugees. 



A flint strike-a-light, triangular in form, and of uncertain date, 

 was also obtained, as well as two leaden pistol-bullets and an iron 

 ring, which it is unnecessary to notice. 



The remains of the following Mollusca have been specifically iden- 

 tified by Mr. Thomas Kelsall, of the Manchester Museum : — 



1. Helix nemoralis. 4. Helix pulchella. 



2. lapicida. 5. Achatina acicula. 



3. rotundata. 6. Unio pictorun). 



The general conclusions relating to the fauna of the Robin-Hood Cave 

 will be deferred until that of the Church Hole has been brought before 

 the Society. 



III. The Fauna of the Church-Hole Cave. 



A. Distribution of Species in Pleistocene Strata. 

 In dealing with the distribution of the fossil remains in the 

 Church Hole, I have adopted the same divisions as in the Robin -Hood 

 Cave, those from the Red Sand being classified together, while those 

 from the strata above, as far as the stalagmite, are ranked under a 

 second head. The most important deduction to be made from the 

 following Table is, that while the association of remains is similar 

 to that in the Robin -Hood Cave, the remains in the Red Sand are 

 more abundant and, it may be added, in a more fragmentary state. 

 The Hyaanaswere present in greater force during the earlier stage in 

 the history of this than in that of the above-mentioned cave. 



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