IN THE NORTH-EASTEBN CARPATHIANS. 



677 



come Lydian stone, quartzite, and some mica-schists. Some speci- 

 mens of reddish trap-tuff were also observed. Some of the trap 

 boulders reach a considerable size, one block weighing upwards of 

 half a ton ; this, however, is exceptional. Many of the stones 

 measure from one to two feet across. None of these are angular ; 

 they resemble in general form the blunted and smoothed stones 

 of Scotch till. It must be observed that stones on which strife can 

 be recognized are not abundant ; but those rocks which were capable 

 of retaining the ice-markings, still show them more or less perfectly, 

 conspicuous amongst these being the smaller Lydian stones and 

 quartzites. There can be little doubt that this deposit is identical 

 with the ordinary Boulder- clay of well-glaciated regions ; while the 

 lenticular patch of gravel is but the counterpart of similar thin 

 layers in the till of our own country. This deposit appears to slope 

 gently up towards the near wooded hills of the Flysch-beds, lying 

 to the south. When traced in this direction it is found to be over- 

 lain by stratified blue clay containing only a few stones, which the 

 Wallachs manufacture into bricks to serve as building-material for 

 their rude huts. The following section (fig. 1) shows the relation 

 of the various deposits. 



Fig. 1. — Section in a line north and south through Kabalapatak, 



a. Stiff, stony Boulder-clay 



b. Fine blue clay. 



c. Soft sandstones and shales. Flysch- 

 beds. 



d. Railway-cutting. 



The section measures about half a mile. 



On the west bank of the above-mentioned stream, which joins 

 the Theiss at Kabalapatak, the Flysch-beds are exposed. They 

 consist of very soft thin-bedded sandstones, on the top of which rest 

 fine blue clays and shales. The same beds are seen in the Theiss 

 between Salzkammer and Fejeregyhaza, dipping to the north of east 

 at an angle of about 35°, and capped by about 5 feet of alluvial 

 gravel. Further up the river, near Bocsko Lonka, the same dip is 

 indicated by the general direction of the escarpments on the slopes 

 of the near hill-range. 



On the right bank of the river, from Szlatina to a point east of 

 Salzkammer, a long terrace-shaped bank is traceable, which we 

 found to consist of alternating beds of sand and coarse gravel. 

 These are quite horizontal ; and no indication of false-bedding was 

 visible. This bank is from 20-30 feet above the modern alluvium, 

 and is probably an old river-terrace. At Karacsonfalu, which is 



Q.J.G.S. No. 132. 2y 



