80 It. L. JACK AND J. HORNE ON GLACIAL DRIFT 



When standing in the midst of these flats we seemed to be 

 surrounded by a small amphitheatre of wooded hills with no apparent 

 outlet, suggesting the probability of these basin-shaped hollows 

 being silted-up rock-basins. This steep gorge is due mainly to the 

 hard and durable material exposed to the agents of denudation ; for 

 between Trebousa and Bocsko Raho the rocks which cross the valley 

 consist of mica-schists and beds characteristic of the Dyas. It is 

 not unlikely that these narrow cuts, intersecting the highly 

 crystalline strata, have been excavated in great part since Glacial 

 times. 



Just beyond Bocsko Raho the soft sandstones and shales of the 

 Flysch beds reappear, attended with a corresponding change of 

 feature. The valley gradually opens out, and the grassy hills, now 

 almost bare of trees, slope gently away from the river. 



At Borkut, which is about 12 miles from the crest of the chain, 

 on the left bank of the river, one of the best drift-sections occurring 

 in the Theiss is to be seen. This section is about 40 feet high, and 

 is being gradually undermined by the river. It consists of a soft 

 sandy Boulder-clay crammed with stones of various sizes, which are 

 distinctly smoothed and blunted. The included blocks, as well as 

 the matrix of the deposit, are composed of soft micaceous sandstone, 

 which disintegrates easily when exposed to weathering. In spite of 

 this, however, we found well- scratched stones, some of which were 

 preserved. Within five miles of Korosmezo, below the point where 

 the river which drains the Pietros Berg joins the Theiss, another 

 platform of drift was observed, which in all likelihood is a fragment 

 of the same deposit. Alluvial terraces were noticed at intervals as 

 we wended our way to Korosmezo ; but beyond this, to the summit 

 of the range, no further traces of glacial deposits were visible. 



Along the course of the Pruth to Kolomea we found no glacial 

 deposits. Various sections were exposed at different places along 

 our route, which consisted of loose rubbishy matter with angular 

 stones, evidently the result of the decomposition of the rock. From 

 Kolomea we travelled by rail to Adjud, and ascended the valley of 

 the Trotus as far as Okna. The Trotus valley lies about 160 miles 

 to the south-east of the col between the Pruth and the Theiss. We 

 then crossed the low range of hills lying between Okna and the 

 Oitos Pass, and followed the windings of this pass to near the crest 

 of the range. The main valley (Trotus), as well as its tributaries, 

 is mostly narrow and bounded by low hills not much wooded ; but 

 neither in the main valley nor in the Oitos Pass did we meet with 

 glacial deposits. In the Oitos Pass, above Grosesti, at the mouths 

 of the lateral valleys, we observed numerous conical-shaped mounds, 

 which looked at first sight like ordinary moraines. They are made 

 up of a curious assemblage of large and small angular blocks of 

 sandstone lying irregularly in a loose rubbishy matrix. After a 

 careful examination of the various sections, we came to the conclu- 

 sion that they were " cones de dejection " of lateral streams. 



