OF COPPEK-OKE IN NOVA SCOTIA. 751 



east and west (astr.). At Londonderry copper-pyrites is found in 

 the iron veins in small quantity, and also at Five Islands, associated 

 with heavy spar. 



On the Salmon River, near Truro, very pure carbonate and grey 

 sulphuret of copper are found, probably, however, owing to organic 

 matter. On the head- waters of the Middle River are veins of spe- 

 cular ore and limonite ; continuing to the east a few miles, a vein of 

 specular ore is met running east and west, and 20 feet wide in places. 

 This vein has been traced for about three miles, and, although no 

 fossils have yet been found in its vicinity, is generally considered to 

 be in strata of the same age as the Londonderry ore. 



Following the line to the eastward, the iron ores are now chiefly 

 spathic and micaceous, forming the gangue for copper-pyrites. 

 About five miles eastward of the large vein of micaceous ore above 

 referred to, the first traces of copper-pyrites are met, which are 

 repeated in a small vein on the east branch of the St. Mary river. 



The copper deposits now attain their greatest development near 

 Lochaber and Poison's Lakes ; and the traces continue to be found 

 for miles to the eastward. On the Salmon River the Primrose pro- 

 perty shows a small vein, which was tested to some extent a few 

 years ago, and contains very rich copper-ore. From analyses made 

 by Dr. Hayes, State Analyst, Boston, U. S., the ore contained from 

 37 to 39 per cent, of copper, and was composed of copper-pyrites 

 and embescite. 



Finally, near Guysboro, specular ore of very fine quality occurs, 

 but is not yet proved to be of economic value. Specimens of native 

 copper in diorite (?) have been brought to me from this district ; but 

 I have no detailed information respecting it. 



At Lochaber Lake, where a great deal of work has been done, the 

 deposits appear to be of unusual value, and are being prepared for 

 mining-operations. 



The deposits form a series of veins, cutting at oblique angles black 

 and red shales and quartzites, and thrown for a short distance 30° 

 out of an east-and-west course by a dyke, apparently a diorite con- 

 taining talc and serpentine. 



The first vein met going east is about 2 feet wide. I have no 

 details of its contents. The second vein, 80 feet distant, has been 

 proved to a depth of 85 feet ; it varies in width from 5 feet 6 inches 

 to 6 feet 3 inches, and holds about 20 per cent, of copper-pyrites 

 evenly distributed in talcose slate, greenstone and quartz, and mica- 

 ceous iron-ore. 



The third vein, 216 feet distant, is from 1 foot 6 inches to 2 feet 

 wide, and holds copper-pyrites, with embescite in bands, with quartz 

 and talcose greenstone. 



The fourth vein, 130 feet distant, is about 5 feet wide, and carries 

 about 10 per cent, of rich ore with much quartz. 



The fifth and sixth veins are respectively 50 and 150 feet further 

 east ; they are each 3 feet wide. These leads also contain large 

 percentages of ore, but have not yet been examined. In these last 



