128 Treubia Vol. HI, 2. 



bank in front of the mouth 'of the Tji Liwung, which renderea . dif- 



ficult to transport goods by lighter between the ships lying at anchor in 

 the Batavia roadstead and the trading stores along the Kali Besar. 



In order to escape this difficulty, repeated attempts were made during 

 the 17th and 18th centuries, and also in the commencement of the 19th century 

 to bring the mouth of the Tji Liwung into sufficiently deep water, first by 

 building two jetties "and subsequently by continually lengthening them. As 

 early as 1634, these jetties, consisting of pilework and coral dykes, must 

 have been 800 M. long. In 1730 a masonry pitching was carried out. The 

 jetties attained the present length of 3 K.M. early in the 19th century, while 

 the existing masonry wharf sides date from 1865. In 1830-1833, however, 

 by following the advice which VAN IMHOFF had already given in 1741, 

 a definite end was made to this formation of a mud bank, at which date 

 the policy of repeatedly lengthening the two jetties was abandoned in favour 

 of damming the Tji Liwung mouth just North of the place where the 

 Northern castle moat discharges into said river mouth. By these means, the 

 waters of the Tji Liwung, which carry much silt, were compelled to flow 

 into the sea through the Western half of the Northern outer moat of the 

 town and through the Muara Baru, which is a continuation to the sea of 

 the Western outer moat of the town, originally excavated for carrying off 

 flood water during the West Monsoon. 



For connecting the Old Harbour Canal with the Kali Besar two lock 

 sluices were constructed, of which the North West one only is still in use 

 now (see "Lock", Plan No. 1). 



On the oldest maps of Batavia as, for example, that of Frans Flors 

 van Berkerode (1629), the place where the Laboratory for Marine Inves- 

 tigations now stands is shewn as being in the sea. 



On the map published by Clemendt de longhe in Amsterdam about 

 the year 1650, the site of the present Laboratory occurs for the first time; 

 it is shewn at that period close to the sea, and serves as a field for the 

 gallows-tree. This was still the case in 1731, but no longer so about the 

 year 1770, in which year, under the Government of VAN DER Parra, the 

 well-known map published by Petrus Conradi of Amsterdam and Volkert 

 van der Plaats of Harlingen, was drawn up; on this map the so called 

 ^'javasche Kaasjes" '), that is to say, poor native dwellings, occupy the site 

 of the present Laboratory; according to a writer of the 18th centry, these 

 dwellings were occupied by fishermen, lightermen and ladies of easy virtue. 



In 1846, on the site of the present Laboratory, a large square stone 

 market building was erected, which bore the name of Bazar Burong = 

 Passar Borong (market where all varieties of goods can be bought). 

 This square stone building, whose outer walls were without windows, and 

 which enclosed a square patch of grass in the middle, was divided up 



') kaasjes = cagies, from the Portugese casa = house. 



