130 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Won, SUL, 
Ibis 1910, pp. 659-675, Plate X, and text figure 6, [zs 1g1T, 
pp- 10-80, Pl. 1, and text figures 5 and 6, quoted as ‘‘ Robinson 
& Kloss.” 
“ Zoological Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedi- 
tions to Siam 1911-1912 and 1914-1915, IV, Birds. 11,” by Nils 
Gyldenstolpe. 
Kungl. Svenska Vetenshkapsakaemiens Handlingar. Band. 56, 
No. 2, 1916, quoted as ‘“‘ Gyldenstolpe.” 
Purau Paya. A small rocky island, covered with jungle 
and without regular inhabitants, about two hundred and fifty 
feet high, situated about sixteen miles west of the mouth of the 
Kedah iRiver ain Wat) 6272) NeeanGimle ones moor ese aranid 
separated from the mainland by depths of fifteen fathoms. 
The island is about 4 mile in maximum length and about a 
third of a mile in breadth. It has been visited by us several 
times, on the last occasion at the end of April 1915, but no 
birds of any great interest have been obtained on it. 
A fruit bat (Pteropus hypomelanus geminorum, Miller), only 
known elsewhere from the Mergui Archipelago, was found to 
be abundant on it (c.f. Kloss, antea, Vol. VI, p. 245 (1916). 
PuLau Lanckawl. This island, with those immediately 
adjacent to it, is contained in an area roughly shaped as an 
equilateral triangle with a side of somewhat over twenty miles 
between the Latitudes 6° 9’, and 6° 27’ N. and Longitude 99° 
38’ and g9° 56’, E, separated from the- mainiand by a strait 
ten miles wide at the narrowest part and by depths not 
exceeding ten fathoms. 
The island is extremely rugged in character, though in the 
neighbourhood of the two principal villages, Kwah and Kuala 
Malacca, there are considerable areas of flat land devoted to 
orchards, rice and coconuts and of late years to the inevitable 
rubber. There is also a large amount of cultivation on the 
north coast, where a fairly dense population is settled. 
Elsewhere the country is very mountainous, the highest 
hill, Gunong Raya, reaching nearly 3,000 feet, while there is a 
range of precipitous mountains at the north-west corner well 
over two thousand feet in height. On the present occasion 
we spent from the 12-15th December at a place called Burau 
at the foot of this range, where however no birds of any great 
interest were obtained. 
The geological formation of Langkawi is by no means so 
generally limestone as is usually assumed and much granite, 
quartzite, sandstone and other metamorphic rocks also occur. 
Most of the smaller islets of the group and many of the 
larger ones are, however, exclusively limestone and it is on these 
that the many peculiar species of plants belonging to the 
Langkawi flora are almost entirely to be found though 
the forest flora generally appears to differ greatly from 
that of the southern part of the Malay Peninsula. A con- 
siderable collection of plants was made at Burau, but here as 
