1917.] H.C. Roxsinson: Birds from Pulau Langkawi. 131 
elsewhere we were unfortunate in finding most species out of 
flower. 
DayanG BuntTinc. A small island forming part of the 
Langkawi group, mainly, though possibly not entirely, of 
limestone, which in several places attains the quality of marble, 
white and even in grain, almost saccharine, resembling that 
found at Lenggong in Upper Perak and decidedly superior 
to'that of the Ipoh Quarries. The island is quite uninhabited 
and covered with jungle and is nearly everywhere steep-to, 
though several deep indentations and the heads of bays are 
filled with mangrove. 
The chief point of interest in the island is the fresh 
water lake which at two places approaches to within a few 
yards of the shore and is separated from it by a narrow 
rocky rim of no very great height so that the surface of 
the lake is probably only a few feet above the level of the 
sea. In shape it 1s a long oval 5-600 yards across by 1,100 
or 1,200 yards long and is about 43-5 fathoms deep close 
to the shore, deepening to 8 in the centre and nowhere 
exceeding 84, the depths being fairly regular. The bottom 
is in places rock but mostly mud. There seems to be only one 
species of fish in the lake and no fresh water sponges were 
found round the edges or on twigs and logs afloat in the lake. 
There is good anchorage near the island at the head of a 
fiord leading to the best approach to the lake, which however 
is much encumbered with coral knobs at its head. Fresh 
water escapes freely through the sand and rocks of the shore 
and large quantities of excellent quality can be obtained at 
all seasons by the use of a hose. 
With the exception of mousedeer most of the mammals 
occurring on the main island of Langkawi occur on this one 
also; no fruit bats were seen and other species were scarce. 
Land birds were exceedingly scarce, the only common 
species being Cyormis sumatrensis. There were not many 
insects about and the few butterflies obtained were of no 
special interest. A Cicada was heard and sand-flies were 
only too common. 
We did not actually see any biawak (Varanus sp.) though 
they must occur. Four species of Draco were very common 
and we secured one young Calotes versicolor and three species 
of skinks. We also collected three species of frogs of which 
one was very common at the edge of the lake. 
At a considerably higher level than the large lake, the 
Dyaks came across another pool, much smaller and largely 
choked with dead and fallen timber. The natives are aware 
of its existence and state that in the dry season it contains 
no water at all. 
In addition to the zoological collections about 60 species 
of plants were secured but seem to be of no very great 
interest. Few of the rock plants were in flower. Orchids 
