1917.} H. C. Ropinson: Birds from Pulau Langkawi. 133 
collected here from December 31st to January 4th, and 
besides the mammals actually secured, which will be dealt 
with later, obtained evidence of the existence of a form of 
Cervus equinus (rusa) which is very dark in colour and of a 
species of Paradoxurus (musang). 
A very small bat, probably an Emballonura, was seen round 
a flowering tree after dark, while the orang laut or coast 
aboriginals told us that there were many of the larger kluang 
(Pleropus) among the mangroves at certain times of the year, 
* though none were to be found at the time of our visit. 
Neither Pig, Mouse deer or the Lotong (Pithecus obscurus) 
are found on the island. 
The strait separating the island from the mainland 1s 
barely a mile wide at its narrowest part and carries less than 
ten feet of water at low tide and it is therefore at first sight 
surprising that the island forms of the mammals should differ 
to the extent that they undoubtedly do from the mainland 
stocks. It seems probable, however, that the lower land 
forming the eastern part of the island is of very recent 
formation and that Telibun, in times geologically very recent 
was separated from the mainland by a deeper and wider strait 
than is at present the case. 
Birds, as our lists show, were few in number and not 
particularly interesting in species. 
From the evidence of the rocks on the shore it would 
appear that the island is in part composed of sandstones and 
other similar formations though many of the higher peaks 
seem to be limestone. 
Kon. Muk ork PuLtau MuntTia. A small island, roughly 
circular or quadrangular in shape, about 6 miles NNW. of 
Telibun and separated from it and the mainland by depths not 
exceeding four fathoms. The WNW. and SW. parts of the 
island consist of precipitous limestone bluffs coming down 
sheer into the sea, the maximum height of the island being 
about a thousand feet. The E. and SE. sides however, are 
low and sandy and there is good anchorage for small craft in 
the SE. bay in about three fathoms. The western face is 
much fissured by caves, some of considerable size, in which 
esculent swallows breed in great numbers while others are 
inhabited by bats (Taphozous melanopogon fretensts, Thomas). 
Some of these caves appear to have been used as places of 
sepulture, as we came across fragmentary human bones in more 
than one of them, but this fact has already been noted by 
Annandale who has described skeletons collected by him in 
the vicinity. 
Atthe time of our visit from 4-8th January 1917, there having 
been little rain for over six weeks, the island was deficient in good 
water. There are several orang laut clearings on the eastern 
side of the island, which is much frequented for fishing 
purposes and for the collection of beche-de-mer or trepang 
Sept., 1917. ° 6 
