84 Journal of the F.M.S. Musewms. [Vov. VIII, 
collections made show no great differences from those of 
Mt. Singgalang, Mt. Merapi and the Battak Highlands, made 
by Mueller, Beccari and Modigliani. 
The mountains of the Malay Peninsula, which have been 
intensively studied, are inhabited by roughly 250 species, of 
which about 38 species, but no genus, are endemic. The 
fauna was worked out in detail some years ago (Journ. Fed. 
Malay States Mus. il, pp. 164-222, 190g), but recent work and 
collections have in no way modified the general conclusions 
there arrived at. 
The endemic forms in the Malay Peninsula are very 
slightly modified from their congeners inhabiting Borneo, 
Sumatra and Tenasserim, while the greater number of species 
compared with Korinchi and Kinabalu is accounted for by the 
very much larger area covered. 
To bring Dr. Sharpe’s summary of the Avifauna of 
Kinabalu (Ibis, 1890, pp. 273-292) strictly up to date would 
involve considerable labour and would not materially alter the 
conclusions derived from Whitehead’s large collection. 
Whitehead collected on the mountain, from sea level to 
the summit, 161 species; or from the 1,000 feet level, which 
eliminates many not strictly montane forms, 112 species. 
After allowing for recent- work in other areas, about 45 of 
these species have not been obtained elsewhere than in 
Borneo. 
In tabular form the avifauna of the three mountain areas 
may be shown as 
M F No. of Peculiar P/C peculiar Peculiar 
Oumar species Species species. Genera. 
Korinchi ie 7 54 31.6 One. 
Kinabalu 161 45 P2750) Five. 
Malay Peninsula 250 38 15.2 None. 
ZONAL FAUNAS. 
A. 12,000 — 10,000 Above the Forest or Alpine Zone. 
B. 10,000 —_ 6,000 Forest Zone on Peak. 
CG, OOO == Aoo0 Forest Zone at base of Peak. 
D. 4,000 — 3,000 Upper Korinchi Valley Slopes. 
13F 3 000L o—— BeZ2000 Lower Korinchi Valley Slopes and 
Valley Floor. 
ZONE A. 12,000 feet—10,000 feet. 
In this zone, 10,000 feet—12,000 feet, from the superior 
limit of the forest to the summit of the mountain, the follow- 
ing seventeen species of birds occurred, of which one only, 
Turdus indrapurae, was confined to it, though several, marked 
with an asterisk, extend beyond to the 7.300 feet level and 
even below it. The reappearance of one form, Pyenoriotus 
bimaculatus, at high levels is curious, insomuch as the same 
Expedition to Korinchi : 
