1918. } H. C. Ropinson & C. B. Kross: Birds. 85 
anomaly of distribution occurs with this species in East and 
West Java. 
1. Sphenocercus korthalst.+* 2. Macropygia leptogrammica.* 
3. Scolopax saturata.t* 4. Parus cinerus.t* 
5. Niltava sumatrana.t 6. Cryptolopha t. trivergata.* 
7. Cichloselys davisont.t 8. Oreocincla horsfields.t 
g. Arrenga melanura.* 10. Turdus indrapurae. + 
11. Cettia sumatrana. 12. Pycnonotus bimaculatus.t™ 
13. Heteroxenicus saturatus. 14. Staciyridopsis c. bocaget.t* 
15. Sibta ssmillima.t* 16. Pnoepyga lepida.t* 
17. tZosterops montana. 
The following species are peculiar to Sumatra. 
Species. Nearest Ally. Locality of nearest Ally. 
1. Niltava sumatrana Nuiltava oatesi ... Tenasserim. 
(Arrenga robinson | Mountains of Malay 
2. Arrenga melanura - 
Shee (Arrenga cyanea ) Peninsula, Java. 
3. Sibia simillina (Sibia picata ... Tenasserim. 
; (Stbia wrayt ... Mountains of Malay 
Peninsula. 
4. Stachyridopsis c. St. c. asstimalis ... Tenasserim. 
bocaget. 
5: Pnoepyga IME ... Pnoepyga rufa ... Java. 
6. Zosterops montana Zosterops japonica ... Japan. 
7. Turdus tudrapurae Turdus funidus ... West Java. 
8. Cettia sumatrana Cettia oreophila ... Borneo. 
Of these eight species the affinities of three are entirely 
with the mainland of Asia; two are entirely with Java and 
only one is more closely related to Bornean species. 
Of the whole seventeen species in the list 12 marked with 
a t have no representatives in the mountains of Borneo, while 
of these 12, three, viz. Niltava sumatrana, Stbia simillima and 
Stachyridopsis chrysaea bocaget are closely related to purely 
continental forms which in two cases are not even represented 
generically on other Indo-Malayan Islands. The remaining 
nine are all either identical with birds inhabiting the highlands 
of Java or most closely allied thereto, while five out of the 
nine are also represented in the mountains of the Malay 
Peninsula. 
The five forms, viz.— 
Cettia sumatrana Arrenga melanura 
Heteroxenicus saturatus Cryptolopha t. trivirgata 
Macropygia leptogrammica, 
which occur or have closely related representatives on Kina- 
balu are also known from Java or have equally closely allied 
forms there and, with the exception of Cettia and Heteroxenicus 
satuvatus, are also represented in the Malay Peninsula. 
It will thus be seen that the fauna of the highest levels is 
predominantly Javan, no less than 13 out of seventeen species 
being represented in that island also, while of the remaining 
four three are Himalayan forms which have not succeeded in 
Part Il: Vertebrata. 
