1918. ] H. C. Ropinson & C. B. Kross: Birds. gi 
allies in Timor and the islands tothe East. No. 26, Allocotops 
calvus is a monotypic laughing thrush, with no near allies. 
No. 32, Hyloterpe hypoxantha, is a very distinct species of a 
genus dominant in the Philippines. No. 33, Avachnothera 
juliae, seems unrelated to any other form of the genus, while 
No. 37, Dicaeum monticola, is a development of the Javan 
D. sanguinolentum. No. 40, Pitta schwaneri, is very distinct 
indeed, as is also No. 39, Calyptomena whiteheadi. No. 41, Pyro- 
trogon whiteheadi, is allied to the Philippine P. ardens, while the 
relationships of the last species, No. 42, Cyanops pulcherrima, 
are not well understood though its nearest ally is probably 
C. henrici of the adjacent lowlands, and not C. incoguita of 
Tenasserim, with which it has been associated by Shelley and 
Sharpe. 
It will thus be seen that in this zone on Kinabalu the fauna 
shows a far higher degree of differentiation than is the case 
with any mountain in the Malay Peninsula, Java or Sumatra, 
three very distinct genera being confined to the mountain, 
while the other peculiar species are very distinct indeed from 
other species of the genera to which they have been referred. 
Such species are Calyptomena whiteheadi and Arachnothera juliae. 
On the whole the balance of evidence is in favour of the 
supposition that this peculiar fauna is in the main that of an 
ancient land surface, much more circumscribed than the 
present Bornean area, to which have been added certain 
elements derived from further east, probably from an area now 
represented by the Philippine Ids. 
‘ZONE C. 6,000 feet—4,o000 feet. 
We have taken as our next altitudinal zone in Korinchi 
the levels from about 4,000 feet to 6,000 feet, at the foot of 
the Peak. All our collecting ground in this zone was heavily 
forested and very productive; the majority of the specimens 
obtained came from near Sungei Kumbang at about 4,700 feet, 
but the collections were made and the species certainly ranged 
within the limits indicated above. 
The following 81 forms were obtained in the zone. 
1. Arboricola rubrivostris.t 2. Aconus inornatus. 
3. Chaleurus chalcurus.t 4. Sphenocercus oxyurus.t 
5. Sphenocercus korthalst. 6. Pttlinopus rosetcollis. 
7. Carpophaga badia. 8. Macropygia leptogrammuca.t 
g. Macropygta rificeps.t 10. Chalcophaps indica. 
11. Scolopax saturata. 12. Neopus malayanus. 
13. Spilornis bacha pallidus. 14. Pisorhina solokensts. 
15. Dendrocttta occipitalts.t 16. Cissa minor. 
17. Parus cinereus. 18. Ortolus c. consanguineris.t 
19. Dicruropsis sumatrana.t 20. Buchanga s. phaedra.t 
21. Bhringa remifer. 22. Hemipus prcatus.t 
23. Artamides melanocephalus. 24. Pericrocotus montanus.t 
25. Pericrocotus mintatus. 26. Tarsiger hodgsont. 
Part Il: Vertebrata. 
