1918. ] H. C. Rosinson & C. B. Kross: Birds. 211 
“Adult male and female :—Iris dull brown, eye ring pale 
chrome, bill Naples yellow, feet brownish yellow. 
Immature female:—Iris dull brown, orbital ring yellow, 
bill yellow, upper mandible yellowish horn, feet yellowish 
flesh.” 
This ouzel was almost entirely confined to the heathy 
zone of the mountain, only spreading downwards into the 
forest to a lower limit of about 9,500 feet, below which it was 
never met with. Its superior limit appeared to be that of 
vegetation in the neighbourhood of 11,000 feet. “Within this 
narrow altitudinal belt it was extraordinarily abundant and 
fairly tame. It was generally found singly or in pairs, though 
occasionally three or four, presumably a family party, were 
found together. We never heard it utter any particular song, 
though it had a harsh, disagreeable cackling n®te when 
alarmed. 
No ouzel of this type has been with certainty obtained in 
Sumatra, though Bonaparte, followed by other authors, has 
recorded Turdus fumidus, the only certain localities for which 
are the Volcanoes Gedeh and Pangerango in Western Java, 
whence we have obtained-large series. ; 
Adult males and females are almost exactly alike, the 
females having the chestnut of the belly perhaps a little paler 
than the male. Immature birds have the under tail coverts 
with broad whitish buff shaft stripes; the feathers of the 
mantle with narrow buff shaft stripes and the throat, chest 
and upper belly mingled buffy chestnut and black, producing 
a spotted effect. 
There are several ouzels of this group all living at great 
elevations on the high mountains of islands in the Eastern 
archipelago, viz., 
Turdus (Merula) seebohuu, Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 386. 
Kina Balu and the mountains of Northern Sarawak. 
Distinguished at once from all its allies by the much 
darker colour of the dark parts of the plumage. 
Turdus (Merula) celebensis, Buttikofer, Notes Leyden 
Museum xy, p. 109 (1893). 
Mountains of South Celebes. 
Chestnut colour on belly rich and very extensive. 
Turdus (Merula) javanica, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 
Duka 1(k82%).. 
Mountains of Central Java. 
Chestnut of the belly paler, not extending to the flanks, 
anal patch white and shaft stripes of the under tail coverts 
also white. 
Turdus (Merula) whiteheadi, Seebohm, Bull. Brit. Orn. 
Club. i, p. xxv (1893). 
Part Il; Vertebrata. 
