1921] Bopen Kuioss : Notes on Birds. 215 
of Banka Id.) is defined as from Sumatra to Borneo and 
the islands along its east coast with all the intervening 
islands ; also Bawean and various islets in the Java Sea. 
Placed with this race must be a pair from Pulau Mapur, 
the easternmost island in the Rhio Archipelago south of 
Singapore, (wings 110 mm.). 
Apart from colour differences which I cannot find, 
S.c. palmeri Oberh. (tom. cit. p. 363 : tvpe from Mt. Salak, 
W. Java: supposed to be confined to Java), is said to be 
distinguished from cyanescens by a slightly smaller bill : 
the measurements given for the exposed culmen' are :— 
cyanescens (75 examples) 41.5—47.3*-53.5 mm. ; palmeri 
(25 specimens) 42.5-45.9*-50 mm. |{i.e., within the range 
of cyanescens|. The bills from gape of my West Mid- 
Sumatran specimens of cyanescens measure :--52-56.4*— 
60 mm. ; of my Javan birds 55—57.2*—60 mm. : the converse 
of Oberholser’s findings. 
Averages seem to be untrustworthy as they differ 
with different series: both series attain similar maxima 
and the smaller-billed Sumatran birds may be immature 
though they have no appearance of this. I cannot separate 
the Javan birds before me from cyanescens : my series of 
the former has a wing range of 103-116, and the latter 
104-112 mm. 
HALCYON (ENTOMOTHERA) COROMANDA. 
Dr. Oberholser has also reviewed the races of the 
Ruddy Kingfisher, Halcyon (Entomothera) coromanda 
(op. cit. 48, 1915, pp. 639-657) and of Malaysian races which 
he recognises, we have material of the following :— 
1. Haleyon coromanda coromanda (Lath.). 
Southern continental birds are all considered to belong 
to this subspecies, which occupies Indo-China and the Malay 
Peninsula, south to Malacca : Rangoon is selected for the 
type locality. 
This is the largest of the Malaysian forms and the palest 
both above and below, being not, or comparatively little, 
washed with magenta on the breast [and on the upper 
surface, especially the head|. The wing lensth ranges 
from 111 to 119 mm. {Nine practically adult specimens 
examined by Oberholser, five from India, one from China, 
three from the Malay Peninsula |. 
"I do not like this measurement: the posterior point is not 
fixed as the forward spread of the frontal feathers, it is very 
variable. For instance, in two birds which have the same length of 
bill from the gape and from the anterior edge of the nostril, there 
_ is a difference of 3 mm. in the length of the exposed culmen. Both 
of the lengths mentioned, which are beeween fixed points, are 
preferable. 
* Average. 
