Ropsrison & Kioss : Birds of West Sumatra. 237 
The immature bird has the eyes dark sienna brown, 
the bill ivory white with the culmen apically blackish, the 
small casque apically underneath with a black spot on each 
side, basal part of casque black, feet lead coloured, soles 
dirty yellow, claws black. 
Wings 313, 303 mm. 
I once witnessed in a forest near Aur how a pair of 
kikié’s drove away a Spizaetus limnaetus from their 
territory. With a hoarse, whooping war cry, which made 
the whole vicinity re-echo, accompanied by a constant 
clacking of their bills, the birds made a wild rush on the 
Spizaetus, who did not attempt to defend himself, but 
sounded a swift retreat. He was wildly chased to and fro 
by the hornbills till he was well out of that part of the 
forest, which evidently formed their hunting territory. 
84. Anthracoceros malayanus (Raffles). 
$, 2, 2 juv. Aur, Kumanis, Padang Highlands, 
200 M. Nos. 3831, 4390, 4806). 
Male : iris red, orbital skin black, lower eyelid yellow, 
bill and casque ivory white, feet blackish. 
Female : iris orange brown, orbital skin light claret, 
bill and feet blackish, claws black. 
The juvenile bird has the eyes pale brown, bill greenish 
pearl, feet greyish, claws blackish. 
Wings, 3 310; 2 296, 293 (juv.). 
The male has scarcely perceptible grey eyebrows : 
both females have broad white eyebrows (in the young 
bird tinged with buff) meeting on the occiput. 
Unless the sexing of our series is wrong there is no 
correlation between sex, colours of bill and eyebrows. 
85. Anorrhinus galeritus (Temm.). 
eee Kop. 129) 
? imm. Muara Sako, Indrapura, 300 M. 
Iris sepia brown with a lighter outer ring, bill blackish, 
tip dirty white, base lower mandible greyish, feet grey slate, 
claws black. 
This is a young bird (wing 335) brown above, the 
crown and occipital feathers edged with rufous, those of 
the wings with buff: the breast is deep buff and the 
abdomen white. The tail is isabelline basally, blackish 
brown distally. 
This hornbill usually flies in flocks consisting of about 
ten to fifteen and sometimes more birds, from which habit 
his Malay name burung békawan is derived, as kawan 
means mate or friend. 
