﻿BREEDING-PLACES 
  OF 
  THE 
  ANOPHELINES 
  OF 
  MALAYA. 
  23 
  

  

  It 
  may 
  here 
  be 
  remarked 
  that, 
  when 
  in 
  German 
  East 
  Africa, 
  the 
  writer 
  noted 
  with 
  

   amazement 
  the 
  immense 
  amount 
  of 
  vegetable 
  material 
  rejected 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  

   of 
  sisal 
  hemp. 
  Sisal 
  consists 
  of 
  the 
  fibro-vascular 
  bundles 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  and 
  to 
  obtain 
  

   it 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  passed 
  through 
  machinery 
  which 
  decorticates 
  and 
  washes 
  the 
  bundles 
  

   at 
  the 
  same 
  time. 
  A 
  constant 
  volume 
  of 
  water, 
  containing 
  the 
  pulped 
  cortex, 
  the 
  

   bulk 
  of 
  the 
  leaf, 
  runs 
  away, 
  usually 
  into 
  the 
  nearest 
  river 
  or 
  swamp. 
  Accumulations 
  

   of 
  this, 
  which 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  contain 
  a 
  high 
  percentage 
  of 
  acetic 
  acid, 
  are 
  ill-smelling 
  

   and 
  acrid, 
  and 
  so, 
  in 
  dilution, 
  might 
  well 
  prejudice 
  or 
  destroy 
  Anopheline 
  larvae 
  

   directly, 
  apart 
  from 
  any 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  pollution 
  of 
  water. 
  An 
  experiment 
  in 
  this 
  

   direction 
  was 
  in 
  contemplation 
  ; 
  for 
  the 
  plants 
  flourish 
  in 
  the 
  Malay 
  States, 
  at 
  all 
  

   events 
  in 
  certain 
  localities, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  event 
  of 
  positive 
  results 
  from 
  the 
  experiment 
  

   suggested, 
  might 
  well 
  supply 
  the 
  means 
  of 
  control. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Watson 
  has 
  already 
  suggested* 
  the 
  possibilities 
  of 
  such 
  methods 
  of 
  control 
  ; 
  

   for, 
  in 
  1911, 
  in 
  discussing 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  altering 
  the 
  composition 
  of 
  water 
  so 
  as 
  

   to 
  make 
  it 
  uninhabitable 
  by 
  larvae, 
  he 
  wrote 
  : 
  " 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  inconceivable 
  that 
  an 
  

   industry 
  might 
  be 
  found 
  which 
  requires 
  the 
  maceration 
  of 
  a 
  fibre 
  which, 
  while 
  

   changing 
  the 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  waters, 
  might 
  also 
  provide 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  with 
  

   work. 
  The 
  culture 
  of 
  flax 
  and 
  hemp 
  in 
  Italy 
  supplies 
  a 
  line 
  upon 
  which 
  to 
  work." 
  

  

  The 
  problem 
  is, 
  however, 
  one 
  for 
  the 
  solution 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  

   Algologist 
  and 
  the 
  Chemist 
  must 
  alike 
  supplement 
  the 
  efforts 
  of 
  the 
  Entomologist. 
  

   There 
  is 
  already 
  a 
  Chemist, 
  but 
  until 
  his 
  researches 
  are 
  co-ordinated 
  by 
  the 
  Entomo- 
  

   logist 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Algologist, 
  there 
  will 
  always 
  be 
  a 
  factor 
  missing 
  in 
  the 
  formula. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  the 
  writer's 
  pleasant 
  duty 
  to 
  express 
  his 
  appreciation 
  of 
  the 
  assistance 
  

   received 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  from 
  Mr. 
  R. 
  W. 
  Blair, 
  who, 
  though 
  over-pressed 
  

   with 
  routine 
  work, 
  found 
  time 
  to 
  make 
  preliminary 
  analyses 
  of 
  the 
  waters 
  ; 
  from 
  

   Dr. 
  A. 
  R. 
  Wellington, 
  who 
  most 
  kindly 
  discussed 
  the 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  analyses, 
  

   making 
  further 
  suggestions 
  in 
  regard 
  thereto 
  ; 
  and 
  from 
  Dr. 
  Malcolm 
  Watson, 
  

   whose 
  previous 
  work 
  has 
  been 
  shown 
  to 
  have 
  considerable 
  bearing 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  

   discussed. 
  It 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  impossible, 
  within 
  a 
  comparatively 
  short 
  time, 
  to 
  

   make 
  an 
  investigation 
  such 
  as 
  that 
  discussed 
  without 
  capable 
  and 
  well-trained 
  

   assistants. 
  The 
  writer 
  was 
  most 
  fortunate 
  in 
  having 
  in 
  this 
  capacity 
  Mr. 
  S. 
  Ampala- 
  

   vanar, 
  the 
  senior 
  assistant 
  at 
  the 
  Malaria 
  Bureau, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  N. 
  Thanboo, 
  both 
  of 
  

   whom 
  had 
  worked 
  for 
  some 
  years 
  under 
  the 
  guidance 
  of 
  Dr. 
  H. 
  P. 
  Hacker, 
  the 
  officer 
  

   in 
  charge. 
  The 
  ready 
  identification 
  of 
  thousands 
  of 
  larvae 
  without 
  further 
  breeding 
  

   was 
  only 
  made 
  possible 
  through 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  T. 
  Stanton 
  on 
  their 
  chaetotaxy, 
  

   to 
  which 
  tribute 
  must 
  therefore 
  be 
  paid. 
  

  

  The 
  Prevention 
  of 
  Malaria 
  in 
  the 
  F.M.S.", 
  1911, 
  p. 
  115. 
  

  

  