﻿THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  SOME 
  MALAYAN 
  ANOPHELINES. 
  

  

  147 
  

  

  presumably 
  it 
  was 
  human), 
  and 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  arrive 
  by 
  mere 
  ocular 
  inspection 
  

   at 
  any 
  conclusions 
  whether 
  an 
  Anopheline 
  has 
  had 
  a 
  meal 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  previously. 
  

   The 
  data 
  are 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  

  

  Native 
  Houses 
  and 
  Cattle 
  

   Sheds. 
  

  

  Coolie 
  Lines. 
  

  

  Servants' 
  Quarters. 
  

  

  

  V 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  (A 
  

  

  "n 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  a 
  a 
  

  

  Pitt. 
  

  

  iA 
  

  

  V 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  V 
  

  

  ■a 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  u 
  

  

  « 
  8 
  

  

  Bid, 
  

  

  si 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  in 
  

  

  V 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  [1. 
  

  

  S 
  8 
  

  

  a 
  a 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  vagus 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  57 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  966 
  

  

  2,419 
  

  

  2,045 
  

  

  538 
  

  

  830 
  

  

  426 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  subpictus 
  var. 
  malay- 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  ensis 
  

  

  

  — 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  39 
  

  

  46 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  A. 
  maculatus 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  

  — 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  9 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  karwari 
  

  

  

  — 
  

  

  - 
  — 
  - 
  

  

  . 
  — 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  16 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  hyrcanus 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  

  25 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  58 
  

  

  28 
  

  

  45 
  

  

  126 
  

  

  54 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  barbirostris 
  

  

  

  2 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  40 
  

  

  153 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  aconitus 
  

  

  

  2,149 
  

  

  1,294 
  

  

  775 
  

  

  165 
  

  

  292 
  

  

  233 
  

  

  227 
  

  

  1,626 
  

  

  1,175 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  kochi 
  

  

  

  29 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  fuliginosus 
  

  

  

  33 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  71 
  

  

  36 
  

  

  A. 
  umbrosus 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  

  21 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  254 
  

  

  59 
  

  

  A 
  . 
  tessellatus 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  

  3 
  

  

  74 
  

  

  44 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  74 
  

  

  41 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  38 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  foregoing 
  data 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  noted 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  preponderance 
  of 
  

   A. 
  aconitus 
  in 
  collections 
  from 
  the 
  kampong 
  (village), 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  servants' 
  

   quarters 
  near 
  the 
  house 
  of 
  a 
  European, 
  whereas 
  in 
  the 
  collections 
  from 
  the 
  coolie 
  lines 
  

   A. 
  vagus 
  was 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  dominant 
  species. 
  This 
  is 
  explicable 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  kampong 
  

   and 
  coolie 
  line 
  collections 
  by 
  the 
  proximity 
  of 
  breeding-places 
  favourable 
  to 
  the 
  two 
  

   species. 
  Near 
  the 
  former 
  is 
  a 
  swamp 
  from 
  which 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  

   13,091 
  Anopheline 
  larvae, 
  among 
  which 
  were 
  no 
  fewer 
  than 
  6,381 
  larvae 
  of 
  A 
  . 
  aconitus 
  ; 
  

   near 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  low-lying 
  ground 
  under 
  cultivation 
  for 
  sugar-cane 
  and 
  vegetables, 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  foul 
  water 
  between 
  the 
  furrows 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  A. 
  vagus 
  could 
  almost 
  

   always 
  be 
  obtained 
  in 
  abundance. 
  The 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  Anophelines 
  obtained 
  at 
  the 
  

   house 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  was 
  not 
  determined 
  as 
  to 
  A. 
  aconitus 
  ; 
  the 
  other 
  dominant 
  

   species 
  probably 
  came 
  mostly 
  from 
  a 
  fish-pond 
  at 
  no 
  great 
  distance. 
  

  

  The 
  Habits 
  of 
  Larvae. 
  

  

  In 
  a 
  previous 
  paper 
  (" 
  The 
  Nature 
  and 
  Functions 
  of 
  the 
  Caudal 
  Tufts 
  of 
  Anopheline 
  

   Larvae," 
  Bull. 
  Ent. 
  Res., 
  xii, 
  p. 
  91) 
  a 
  description 
  was 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  caudal 
  hooklets 
  

   wherewith 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Anophelines 
  are 
  able 
  to 
  attach 
  themselves 
  to 
  objects. 
  In 
  

   moving 
  water 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  all 
  species 
  may 
  employ 
  these 
  hooks 
  to 
  an 
  equal 
  

   degree 
  to 
  avoid 
  being 
  swept 
  away. 
  But 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  marked 
  difference 
  in 
  habit 
  between 
  

   those 
  larvae 
  that 
  are 
  more 
  usually 
  found 
  in 
  moving 
  water 
  (though 
  sometimes 
  in 
  still 
  

   water) 
  and 
  those 
  invariably 
  found 
  in 
  stagnant 
  water. 
  The 
  former, 
  of 
  which 
  

   A. 
  maculatus 
  and 
  A. 
  karwari 
  may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  types, 
  invariably 
  attach 
  themselves 
  to 
  

   the 
  nearest 
  object 
  ; 
  the 
  latter, 
  for 
  example 
  A. 
  kochi 
  and 
  A. 
  vagus, 
  do 
  not 
  seek 
  supports 
  

   to 
  anything 
  like 
  the 
  same 
  extent. 
  When 
  bowls 
  containing 
  examples 
  of 
  each 
  were 
  

   placed 
  side 
  by 
  side, 
  it 
  was 
  at 
  once 
  noticed 
  that, 
  whereas 
  every 
  single 
  A. 
  maculatus 
  

   larva 
  rested 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  its 
  support, 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  A. 
  vagus 
  floated 
  

   quietly, 
  well 
  out 
  towards 
  the 
  centre, 
  entirely 
  unsupported 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  approximating 
  

   to 
  various 
  Culicid 
  larvae, 
  for 
  example, 
  Stegomyia 
  albopicta, 
  which, 
  owing 
  perhaps 
  in 
  

   part 
  to 
  their 
  having 
  no 
  means 
  of 
  attachment, 
  are 
  never 
  found 
  in 
  moving 
  water. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  surprising 
  that 
  Anopheline 
  larvae 
  favouring 
  stagnant 
  water 
  have 
  any 
  

   development 
  of 
  caudal 
  hooks. 
  The 
  writer, 
  speculating 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  presence 
  in 
  such 
  

   larvae, 
  had 
  concluded 
  that 
  they 
  might 
  be 
  evidence 
  of 
  an 
  alteration 
  of 
  breeding 
  habit, 
  

  

  (6750) 
  

  

  k2 
  

  

  