﻿MALAYAN 
  AND 
  OTHER 
  SPECIES 
  OF 
  CULICOIDES. 
  163 
  

  

  by 
  their 
  mouth-parts 
  only, 
  entirely 
  unsupported 
  by 
  their 
  legs, 
  or 
  the 
  front 
  legs 
  only 
  

   were 
  used 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  mandibles. 
  They 
  remained 
  in 
  this 
  position 
  for 
  extended 
  

   periods 
  ; 
  in 
  several 
  cases 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  48 
  hours. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Lamborn's 
  most 
  complete 
  series 
  of 
  observations 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  a 
  specimen 
  

   found 
  on 
  Anopheles 
  vagus, 
  Don., 
  taken 
  in 
  the 
  servants' 
  quarters 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  house 
  

   of 
  a 
  European 
  at 
  Kuala 
  Lumpur. 
  Regarding 
  this 
  specimen, 
  he 
  writes 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  " 
  11. 
  hi. 
  21. 
  The 
  host, 
  replete 
  with 
  freshly 
  absorbed 
  blood, 
  was 
  taken 
  with 
  one 
  

   of 
  the 
  parasites, 
  the 
  abdomen 
  of 
  which 
  also 
  showed 
  bright 
  pink, 
  attached 
  by 
  its 
  

   mouth-parts 
  only 
  to 
  the 
  third 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  side. 
  On 
  examination 
  

   48 
  hours 
  later 
  the 
  parasite 
  was 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  still 
  in 
  situ, 
  but 
  at 
  9 
  a.m. 
  on 
  14th 
  March 
  

   it 
  was 
  flying 
  in 
  the 
  tube, 
  free 
  from 
  its 
  host. 
  The 
  tube 
  containing 
  the 
  insect 
  was 
  

   then 
  inverted 
  over 
  a 
  bowl 
  containing 
  liquid 
  mud, 
  at 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  which 
  about 
  67 
  ova 
  

   were 
  found 
  on 
  16th 
  March. 
  Five 
  pupae 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  23rd 
  March 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  

   film 
  of 
  water 
  and 
  3 
  more 
  on 
  25th 
  March. 
  Each 
  of 
  these 
  afforded 
  an 
  imago 
  on 
  the 
  

   third 
  to 
  fourth 
  day." 
  

  

  Eggs 
  were 
  also 
  obtained 
  on 
  other 
  occasions 
  ; 
  in 
  one 
  case 
  about 
  80, 
  and 
  in 
  another 
  

   12. 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  case 
  the 
  host 
  showed 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  having 
  obtained 
  a 
  blood-meal. 
  

  

  Unfortunately 
  neither 
  males, 
  larvae, 
  nor 
  pupae 
  were 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  material 
  

   preserved 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Lamborn, 
  and 
  presented 
  to 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  but 
  apart 
  from 
  the 
  

   bred 
  specimens 
  mentioned 
  above, 
  Dr. 
  Lamborn 
  writes 
  that 
  pupae 
  were 
  readily 
  obtained 
  

   from 
  time 
  to 
  time, 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  mentioned 
  below, 
  at 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  

   small 
  muddy 
  pools, 
  well 
  in 
  the 
  shade. 
  

  

  No 
  case 
  of 
  Culicoides 
  parasitising 
  other 
  blood-sucking 
  insects 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  recorded 
  

   from 
  Africa, 
  but 
  the 
  following 
  observation 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Lamborn's 
  is 
  of 
  interest 
  in 
  this 
  

   connection 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  facts 
  [regarding 
  C. 
  anophelis] 
  recalled 
  to 
  the 
  mind 
  of 
  the 
  writer 
  an 
  observation 
  

   he 
  made 
  in 
  1916 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  Glossina 
  morsitans 
  in 
  a 
  fly 
  area 
  near 
  the 
  Tarengere 
  

   River 
  in 
  Tanganyika 
  Territory 
  (and 
  recorded 
  in 
  an 
  unpublished 
  report, 
  dated 
  8th 
  

   February 
  1917, 
  to 
  the 
  Colonial 
  Office), 
  that 
  some 
  female 
  flies 
  exhibited 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  dark 
  patches 
  with 
  a 
  central 
  depression, 
  suggesting 
  puncture. 
  

   No 
  opportunity 
  of 
  ascertaining 
  the 
  cause 
  of 
  this 
  arose. 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  D. 
  H. 
  Carpenter 
  

   suggested 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  due 
  to 
  attack 
  by 
  Tachinid 
  flies, 
  but 
  a 
  more 
  probable 
  

   explanation 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  that 
  the 
  flies 
  are 
  assailed 
  by 
  some 
  insect 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  

   of 
  depriving 
  them 
  of 
  their 
  ill-gotten 
  meal, 
  much 
  as 
  the 
  Anophelines 
  are 
  attacked 
  

   by 
  the 
  little 
  Culicoides." 
  

  

  Culicoides 
  guttifer, 
  de 
  Meij. 
  (Plate 
  hi, 
  fig. 
  2). 
  

  

  Several 
  males 
  and 
  one 
  female 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  were 
  reared 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Lamborn 
  from 
  

   pupae 
  " 
  obtained 
  at 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  small, 
  muddy 
  pools, 
  well 
  in 
  the 
  shade," 
  at 
  Kuala 
  

  

  Lumpur. 
  

  

  Both 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  wing-markings 
  and 
  hypopygial 
  structure 
  the 
  species 
  shows 
  a 
  

   very 
  close 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  West 
  African 
  C. 
  praetermissus, 
  C. 
  I. 
  & 
  M. 
  The 
  chief 
  

   differences 
  are 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  wings 
  the 
  small 
  pale 
  spot 
  immediately 
  below 
  and 
  distal 
  

   to 
  the 
  second 
  large 
  costal 
  spot, 
  which 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  C. 
  praetermissus, 
  is 
  absent 
  in 
  

   C. 
  guttifer 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  hypopygium, 
  the 
  lateral 
  terminal 
  processes 
  of 
  the 
  ninth 
  tergite 
  are 
  

   a 
  little 
  shorter 
  and 
  broader, 
  and 
  their 
  terminal 
  hairs 
  are 
  so 
  minute 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  scarcely 
  

   perceptible. 
  Whether 
  these 
  small 
  differences 
  (I 
  can 
  find 
  no 
  others 
  of 
  any 
  importance) 
  

   indicate 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  varietal 
  rank 
  for 
  C, 
  praetermissus 
  seems 
  to 
  me 
  highly 
  questionable. 
  

   The 
  single 
  female 
  mounted 
  unfortunately 
  does 
  not 
  show 
  the 
  spermatheca 
  clearly, 
  

   but 
  it 
  is 
  probably 
  single, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  allied 
  African 
  species. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  see, 
  from 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  type, 
  Kieffer's 
  C. 
  leucostictus, 
  

   described 
  from 
  females 
  only 
  from 
  the 
  Seychelles 
  Islands, 
  is 
  identical 
  with 
  C. 
  guttifer. 
  

   The 
  European 
  C. 
  pictipennis, 
  Winnertz, 
  is 
  also 
  extremely 
  similar. 
  

  

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