﻿LIFE-HISTORY 
  OF 
  AUSTRALIAN 
  MOTH-LACEWING, 
  ITHONE 
  FU3CA, 
  NEWMAN. 
  219 
  

  

  round, 
  bringing 
  its 
  head 
  forward 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  ventral 
  side 
  of 
  its 
  abdomen, 
  and 
  then 
  

   turning 
  right 
  over 
  and 
  repeating 
  the 
  same 
  performance. 
  When 
  this 
  cell 
  is 
  securely 
  

   formed, 
  by 
  continuous 
  pressure 
  on 
  the 
  soil, 
  the 
  larva 
  lies 
  upon 
  its 
  back, 
  and 
  proceeds 
  

   to 
  weave 
  the 
  cocoon 
  from 
  the 
  anal 
  opening 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  manner 
  as 
  other 
  Planipennia. 
  

   The 
  complete 
  process 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  observed, 
  but 
  I 
  was 
  fortunate 
  enough 
  to 
  see 
  one 
  

   larva 
  with 
  its 
  cocoon 
  partly 
  formed, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  separate 
  fine 
  layers 
  of 
  silk 
  were 
  

   clearly 
  visible. 
  The 
  cocoon, 
  when 
  completed, 
  is 
  elongate 
  oval 
  in 
  shape, 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  

   than 
  thrice 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  wide, 
  with 
  almost 
  parallel 
  sides 
  and 
  well 
  rounded 
  ends. 
  It 
  

   is 
  of 
  a 
  dead 
  whitish 
  colour 
  and 
  a 
  papery 
  consistency, 
  the 
  texture 
  reminding 
  one 
  

   more 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  some 
  Hymenopterous 
  cocoons 
  than 
  of 
  those 
  of 
  other 
  Planipennia. 
  

   The 
  insect 
  spends 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  about 
  six 
  weeks 
  in 
  the 
  cocoon 
  ; 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  

   half 
  of 
  this 
  period 
  it 
  remains 
  a 
  larva, 
  and 
  then 
  changes 
  into 
  a 
  pupa. 
  

  

  The 
  earliest 
  cocoon 
  found 
  by 
  me 
  was 
  on 
  12th 
  September, 
  but 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  

   spin 
  up 
  during 
  the 
  succeeding 
  fortnight. 
  The 
  earliest 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  imago 
  

   noticed 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  year 
  was 
  on 
  30th 
  October. 
  The 
  period 
  spent 
  in 
  the 
  cocoon 
  

   is 
  thus 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  about 
  six 
  weeks 
  on 
  the 
  average, 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  over. 
  

  

  The 
  Pupa 
  (Plate 
  iv, 
  figs. 
  10, 
  11 
  ; 
  text-figs. 
  10, 
  11). 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  a 
  soft-bodied 
  pupa 
  libera 
  of 
  elongate 
  form, 
  having 
  the 
  rather 
  small 
  

   head 
  turned 
  down 
  ventrally 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  somewhat 
  larger 
  prothorax, 
  which 
  lies 
  

   about 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  is 
  curved 
  

   round 
  dorsally 
  to 
  join 
  the 
  long, 
  straight, 
  stout 
  abdomen, 
  which 
  is 
  only 
  slightly 
  curved 
  

  

  Fig. 
  10. 
  Ithone 
  fusca, 
  Newm., 
  pupa 
  ; 
  fiont 
  of 
  head, 
  showing 
  

   compound 
  eyes, 
  bases 
  of 
  antennae 
  and 
  mouth-parts 
  ( 
  x 
  20). 
  

  

  ventrad 
  at 
  its 
  anal 
  end. 
  The 
  wings 
  are 
  folded 
  down 
  sideways 
  against 
  the 
  thorax, 
  

   the 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  forewing 
  reaching 
  only 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  3rd 
  abdominal 
  

   segment. 
  The 
  antennae 
  are 
  curved 
  at 
  first 
  upwards 
  and 
  backwards 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  pass 
  

   over 
  the 
  bent 
  knees 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  pairs 
  of 
  legs, 
  and 
  then 
  curve 
  round 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  lie 
  close 
  

  

  