﻿236 
  B. 
  P. 
  UVAROV. 
  

  

  developed. 
  The 
  macropterous 
  form 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  far 
  less 
  common 
  than 
  the 
  brachy- 
  

   pterous 
  one, 
  and 
  I 
  am 
  inclined 
  to 
  think 
  that 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  typical 
  for 
  the 
  species, 
  and 
  

   that 
  macropterism 
  occurs 
  only 
  incidentally 
  as 
  an 
  atavistic 
  mutation, 
  the 
  ancestral 
  

   form 
  having 
  been, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  macropterous. 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  remarkable 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  

   no 
  intermediate 
  forms 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  extremes. 
  

  

  As 
  regards 
  the 
  variability 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  other 
  respects, 
  there 
  are 
  the 
  usual 
  

   differences 
  in 
  this 
  genus 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  coloration, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  either 
  more 
  green, 
  

   or 
  more 
  brown 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  impossible 
  that 
  a 
  change 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  coloration 
  may 
  

   occur 
  during 
  individual 
  life, 
  as 
  is 
  known 
  for 
  several 
  species 
  of 
  locusts. 
  

  

  The 
  characteristic 
  black 
  design 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum 
  is 
  also 
  variable 
  to 
  a 
  certain 
  

   extent. 
  In 
  the 
  most 
  richly 
  marked 
  specimens, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  thick 
  black 
  fascia 
  along 
  

   the 
  upper 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  lobes, 
  while 
  another 
  fascia 
  connects 
  the 
  lower 
  ends 
  

   of 
  the 
  first 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  sulci, 
  which, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  hindmost 
  one, 
  are 
  also 
  broadly 
  

   marked 
  with 
  black. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  characteristic 
  for 
  the 
  species 
  that 
  the 
  sulci 
  on 
  the 
  

   disc 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum 
  are 
  never 
  black, 
  except 
  in 
  some 
  most 
  heavily 
  marked 
  specimens, 
  

   in 
  which 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  somewhat 
  blackened 
  laterally, 
  adjoining 
  the 
  lateral 
  fascia, 
  

   but 
  never 
  for 
  their 
  whole 
  length. 
  The 
  black 
  vertical 
  marks 
  on 
  the 
  lateral 
  lobes 
  may 
  

   disappear 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  completely, 
  but 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  fasciae 
  are 
  very 
  constant 
  

   and, 
  even 
  when 
  the 
  whole 
  lobe 
  is 
  unicolorous, 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  detected 
  a 
  trace 
  of 
  a 
  

   fascia, 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  black 
  spots 
  in 
  the 
  sulci 
  along 
  the 
  upper 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  lobe. 
  

  

  The 
  extent 
  of 
  variations 
  in 
  size 
  is 
  also 
  not 
  inconsiderable, 
  as 
  the 
  following 
  table 
  

   of 
  dimensions 
  shows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  <?(? 
  $9 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  body 
  30-42 
  . 
  . 
  38-48 
  

  

  pronotum 
  7-5-10 
  .. 
  8-12-5 
  

  

  ,, 
  elytra 
  in 
  the 
  macropterous 
  

  

  form 
  31-37 
  .. 
  39 
  

  

  „ 
  elytra 
  in 
  the 
  brachypterous 
  

  

  form 
  12-16 
  .. 
  10-16 
  

  

  hind 
  femur 
  17-5-20 
  .. 
  16-5-26 
  

  

  Geographical 
  distribution. 
  — 
  The 
  distribution 
  of 
  this 
  common 
  insect 
  in 
  India 
  is 
  by 
  

   no 
  means 
  sufficiently 
  known, 
  but 
  the 
  available 
  information, 
  gathered 
  both 
  from 
  

   literature 
  and 
  from 
  collections, 
  seems 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  more 
  southern 
  species, 
  

   which 
  is 
  widely 
  spread 
  over 
  the 
  Indian 
  peninsula 
  and 
  hardly 
  reaches 
  further 
  north 
  

   than 
  Allahabad 
  and 
  Pusa 
  ; 
  Kirby's 
  record 
  from 
  Assam 
  (Cachar) 
  is 
  incorrect, 
  as 
  

   it 
  refers 
  to 
  two 
  insects 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum 
  which 
  are 
  described 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  as 
  

   Hieroglyphodes 
  assamensis. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  think 
  it 
  necessary 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  detailed 
  list 
  of 
  

   localities 
  whence 
  the 
  species 
  is 
  known. 
  

  

  Economic 
  importance. 
  — 
  Although 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  earlier 
  records 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  confused 
  

   with 
  others, 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  H. 
  furcifer, 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  difficult 
  to 
  make 
  

   an 
  exact 
  identification 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  from 
  the 
  figures. 
  Thus, 
  it 
  was 
  H. 
  nigrorepletus 
  

   which, 
  possibly 
  in 
  company 
  with 
  some 
  other 
  species, 
  caused 
  damage 
  to 
  rice 
  and 
  other 
  

   crops 
  in 
  some 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Bombay 
  Presidency 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  Provinces 
  in 
  1890, 
  

   as 
  the 
  insect 
  figured 
  in 
  Vol. 
  ii 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  Museum 
  Notes 
  (p. 
  30) 
  unmistakably 
  

   represents 
  this 
  species. 
  It 
  seems 
  also 
  that 
  Saussure, 
  to 
  whom 
  specimens 
  collected 
  

   in 
  1889 
  were 
  sent 
  for 
  identification 
  (I.e. 
  i, 
  p. 
  203), 
  intended 
  to 
  describe 
  this 
  species 
  

   as 
  new, 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  H. 
  cotesiana, 
  which, 
  however, 
  he 
  never 
  did 
  ;* 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   improbable 
  that 
  H. 
  vastator 
  of 
  Carl 
  is 
  based 
  upon 
  one 
  of 
  Saussure's 
  intended 
  types 
  

   of 
  H. 
  cotesiana. 
  

  

  Later 
  on, 
  Maxwell 
  Lefroy 
  (see 
  the 
  references 
  under 
  synonymy) 
  , 
  who 
  never 
  separated 
  

   H. 
  nigrorepletus 
  from 
  H. 
  banian 
  ( 
  = 
  furcifer), 
  gave 
  some 
  rather 
  indefinite 
  records 
  on 
  

   their 
  joint 
  activities 
  as 
  pests 
  of 
  rice 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  crops 
  ; 
  the 
  actual 
  status 
  of 
  each 
  

  

  * 
  H.M. 
  Lefroy's 
  statement 
  (Indian 
  Ins. 
  Life, 
  p. 
  87) 
  that 
  "a 
  species 
  (H. 
  cotesii) 
  " 
  was 
  described 
  

   obviously 
  refers 
  to 
  this 
  case 
  and 
  is 
  incorrect. 
  

  

  