﻿RICE 
  GRASSHOPPERS 
  OF 
  GENUS 
  HIEROGLYPHUS 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  NEAREST 
  ALLIES. 
  241 
  

  

  species, 
  while 
  fig. 
  4 
  of 
  pi. 
  viii 
  seems 
  to 
  me 
  more 
  like 
  H. 
  banian 
  than 
  H. 
  oryzivoms. 
  

   As 
  I 
  have 
  before 
  me 
  several 
  lots 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  species, 
  taken 
  in 
  different 
  localities, 
  in 
  

   both 
  sexes, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  whatever 
  that 
  the 
  hitherto 
  unknown 
  males 
  of 
  it 
  are 
  

   named 
  by 
  me 
  correctly, 
  and 
  the 
  astonishing 
  likeness 
  of 
  H. 
  oryzivorus 
  to 
  H 
  . 
  daganensis, 
  

   which 
  attracted 
  Carl's 
  attention, 
  becomes 
  still 
  more 
  remarkable. 
  

  

  H. 
  oryzivorus 
  may 
  be 
  at 
  once 
  recognised 
  amongst 
  other 
  Indian 
  species 
  by 
  its 
  

   saddle-shaped 
  pronotum, 
  but 
  especially 
  and 
  more 
  surely 
  by 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  

   sulcus 
  of 
  the 
  disc 
  which 
  is 
  distinctly 
  bow-shaped, 
  with 
  the 
  convexity 
  directed 
  forwards, 
  

   in 
  this 
  species, 
  and 
  perfectly 
  straight 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  other 
  species 
  ; 
  this 
  character 
  is 
  less 
  

   conspicuous 
  in 
  the 
  males 
  owing 
  to 
  their 
  small 
  size, 
  but 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  genitalia, 
  

   which 
  are 
  quite 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  H. 
  daganensis 
  (fig. 
  1 
  F) 
  apart 
  from 
  the 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  

   subgenital 
  plate 
  above 
  referred 
  to, 
  renders 
  a 
  mistake 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  question. 
  A 
  minor, 
  

   but 
  very 
  constant, 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  coloration 
  of 
  H. 
  oryzivorus 
  is 
  the 
  complete 
  lack 
  

   of 
  any 
  black 
  markings 
  on 
  the 
  hind 
  knees, 
  tibiae 
  and 
  tarsi, 
  except 
  the 
  black 
  points 
  

   of 
  the 
  tibial 
  spines. 
  Black 
  markings 
  on 
  the 
  pronotum 
  may 
  be 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  obliterated, 
  

   but 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  most 
  richly 
  marked 
  specimen 
  the 
  sulci 
  are 
  black 
  on 
  the 
  lateral 
  lobes 
  

   only 
  and 
  never 
  on 
  the 
  disc 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum. 
  

  

  The 
  dimensions 
  are 
  fairly 
  variable, 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  following 
  table 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  

  S3 
  

  

  ?? 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  body 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  29-36 
  

  

  43-52 
  

  

  ,, 
  pronotum 
  

  

  5-6-5 
  . 
  

  

  . 
  7-5-10 
  

  

  „ 
  elytra 
  of 
  macropterous 
  form 
  

  

  21-24 
  

  

  34-^0 
  

  

  ,, 
  ,, 
  brachypterous 
  form 
  

  

  unknown 
  

  

  16-25 
  

  

  hind 
  femur 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  16-17 
  

  

  19-24 
  

  

  As 
  it 
  is 
  obvious 
  from 
  the 
  table, 
  H. 
  oryzivorus 
  occurs 
  in 
  both 
  brachypterous 
  and 
  

   macropterous 
  form, 
  though 
  the 
  latter 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  female 
  sex, 
  while, 
  on 
  

   the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  only 
  two 
  known 
  males 
  are 
  both 
  macropterous. 
  

  

  Geographical 
  distribution. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  was 
  originally 
  described 
  from 
  Murshidabad 
  

   (in 
  Bengal) 
  and 
  " 
  Bilaspia, 
  Indes 
  centrales," 
  which 
  is 
  probably 
  Belaspur 
  in 
  the 
  Central 
  

   Provinces. 
  The 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Pusa 
  collection 
  studied 
  by 
  me 
  are 
  mostlv 
  from 
  

   the 
  Bombay 
  Province: 
  Pardi, 
  23.ix.1904 
  ; 
  Khurda, 
  11. 
  xi. 
  1913; 
  Kasal-Mandvi, 
  

   25.x. 
  1903 
  ; 
  Jhalod, 
  Panch 
  Mahals, 
  9.xi. 
  1903 
  ; 
  some 
  are 
  from 
  the 
  Central 
  Provinces, 
  

   Raipur, 
  13.x. 
  1903 
  ; 
  Mungeli, 
  Belaspur, 
  25.x. 
  1906 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  Coimbatore 
  collection 
  

   there 
  are 
  also 
  specimens 
  from 
  S. 
  India, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  fairly 
  

   widely 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  Indian 
  plains. 
  

  

  Economic 
  importance. 
  — 
  Carl's 
  original 
  description 
  was 
  based 
  upon 
  two 
  females, 
  

   one 
  of 
  them 
  labelled 
  : 
  " 
  Pha-pha 
  ; 
  detruit 
  le 
  riz 
  dans 
  le 
  district 
  de 
  Bilaspia, 
  Indes 
  

   centrales 
  " 
  and 
  the 
  series 
  before 
  me 
  from 
  Raipur 
  is 
  also 
  labelled 
  as 
  taken 
  from 
  rice, 
  

   while 
  that 
  from 
  Kasal-Mandvi 
  bears 
  the 
  label 
  " 
  crops." 
  There 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  no 
  doubt 
  

   that 
  this 
  species, 
  alone 
  or 
  accompanied 
  by 
  others 
  {banian, 
  nigrorepletus, 
  concolor), 
  is 
  

   destructive 
  to 
  rice 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  crops, 
  but 
  the 
  exact 
  economic 
  status 
  of 
  each 
  one 
  

   of 
  them 
  remains 
  yet 
  to 
  be 
  studied 
  on 
  the 
  spot, 
  and 
  I 
  hope 
  that 
  this 
  paper 
  will 
  render 
  

   this 
  problem 
  easier 
  than 
  it 
  used 
  to 
  be. 
  

  

  