﻿332 
  C. 
  F. 
  M. 
  SWYNNERTON. 
  

  

  rapidly, 
  then 
  nothing 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  — 
  till 
  a 
  party 
  of 
  women 
  passed 
  through. 
  On 
  

   their 
  arrival 
  we 
  at 
  once 
  took 
  a 
  male 
  and 
  two 
  females 
  that 
  had 
  presumably 
  dismounted 
  

   from 
  them. 
  Two, 
  which 
  definitely 
  came 
  on 
  a 
  messenger, 
  were 
  taken 
  at 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   other 
  thickets. 
  

  

  Meantime 
  two 
  pairs 
  of 
  natives 
  with 
  cattle 
  were 
  kept 
  working 
  up 
  and 
  down, 
  on 
  

   each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  stream. 
  Between 
  them 
  they 
  took 
  only 
  one 
  fly, 
  a 
  female, 
  and 
  that 
  

   was 
  at 
  the 
  ford. 
  The 
  preponderance 
  of 
  females 
  may 
  have 
  resulted 
  from 
  a 
  greater 
  

   readiness 
  on 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  sex 
  to 
  dismount 
  at 
  the 
  shadiest 
  places. 
  The 
  conditions 
  

   for 
  pupae 
  seemed 
  ideal, 
  yet 
  a 
  thorough 
  search 
  by 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  natives 
  revealed 
  none 
  

   at 
  all. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  compare 
  these 
  results 
  with 
  my 
  similar 
  observations 
  in 
  Portuguese 
  

   East 
  Africa 
  (Bull. 
  Ent. 
  Res., 
  xi) 
  — 
  morsitans 
  leaving 
  us 
  at 
  the 
  shadier 
  wooding 
  beside 
  

   streams 
  rather 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  bush 
  when 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  losing 
  leaf 
  (p. 
  370), 
  brevi- 
  

   palpis 
  waiting 
  similarly 
  till 
  suitable 
  cover 
  was 
  reached 
  (p. 
  357), 
  and 
  morsitans 
  usually 
  

   dismounting 
  on 
  reaching 
  one 
  of 
  its 
  own 
  concentrations 
  (p. 
  357). 
  

  

  In 
  these 
  observations 
  generally 
  we 
  would 
  appear 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  modus 
  operandi 
  of 
  

   concentration, 
  taking 
  place 
  in 
  a 
  diffuse 
  manner 
  even 
  when 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  trees, 
  

   but 
  becoming 
  marked, 
  as 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  course, 
  when 
  the 
  suitable 
  dismounting 
  places 
  

   become 
  few 
  and 
  far 
  between. 
  

  

  X. 
  — 
  The 
  Feeding 
  Habits 
  and 
  Sex 
  Proportions 
  of 
  the 
  Fly. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  we 
  found 
  puparia 
  freely 
  under 
  the 
  large 
  rocks 
  of 
  

   granite 
  kopjes, 
  even 
  to 
  their 
  summits. 
  These 
  were 
  on 
  several 
  occasions 
  in 
  close 
  

   association 
  with 
  much 
  dung 
  of 
  rock-rabbits 
  (Hyrax). 
  It 
  seems 
  most 
  likely 
  that 
  

   these 
  animals, 
  abundant 
  and 
  sometimes 
  conspicuous 
  in 
  the 
  spots 
  in 
  which 
  such 
  

   large 
  numbers 
  of 
  puparia 
  were 
  found, 
  contribute 
  to 
  the 
  sustenance 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  and 
  

   certain 
  that 
  baboons 
  must 
  do 
  so 
  very 
  largely 
  indeed. 
  I 
  have 
  myself 
  found 
  tsetses 
  

   on 
  baboons 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  shot 
  in 
  Tanganyika 
  Territory, 
  and 
  been 
  beset 
  by 
  tsetses 
  on 
  

   arriving 
  at 
  a 
  spot 
  from 
  which 
  I 
  had 
  dislodged 
  a 
  troop 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  Sultan 
  of 
  Itilima 
  

   informed 
  me 
  that 
  cattle-owners 
  particularly 
  disliked 
  the 
  incursions 
  of 
  baboons 
  

   into 
  fields 
  in 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  cattle-grazing, 
  as 
  they 
  commonly 
  brought 
  tsetse 
  

   with 
  them 
  and 
  cases 
  of 
  trypanosomiasis 
  followed 
  sometimes 
  amongst 
  the 
  cattle. 
  

   This 
  statement 
  bore 
  out 
  what 
  was 
  told 
  me 
  by 
  the 
  natives 
  in 
  Portuguese 
  East 
  Africa 
  

   (BuU. 
  Ent. 
  Res., 
  xi, 
  p. 
  336). 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  game 
  animals 
  — 
  three 
  zebra, 
  six 
  topi, 
  six 
  impala, 
  two 
  Coke's 
  hartebeest 
  

   and 
  one 
  roan 
  antelope 
  — 
  shot 
  on 
  this 
  safari, 
  all 
  but 
  four 
  were 
  shot 
  in 
  mbugas, 
  and 
  

   tsetse 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  and 
  about 
  none 
  of 
  those 
  thus 
  killed. 
  Of 
  the 
  four 
  shot 
  in 
  bush, 
  

   one 
  (a 
  zebra) 
  was 
  seen 
  stamping 
  and 
  driving 
  away 
  flies 
  before 
  it 
  was 
  shot. 
  Two 
  

   flies 
  were 
  taken 
  on 
  an 
  impala, 
  and 
  the 
  roan 
  and 
  the 
  kongoni 
  showed 
  none. 
  The 
  

   blood 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  was 
  examined, 
  and 
  gave 
  negative 
  results. 
  They 
  were 
  too 
  

   few, 
  in 
  any 
  case. 
  

  

  The 
  fly 
  is 
  a 
  particularly 
  surreptitious 
  and 
  (it 
  would 
  seem) 
  gentle 
  biter, 
  for 
  in 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  no 
  tsetse 
  have 
  I 
  seen 
  so 
  many 
  successful 
  full 
  feeds 
  on 
  man. 
  Again, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Simiyu 
  area 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  rule 
  to 
  take 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  as 
  many 
  females 
  as 
  males, 
  and 
  

   the 
  former 
  often 
  preponderated 
  remarkably 
  in 
  particular 
  places 
  or 
  attacks. 
  This 
  

   seemed 
  to 
  indicate 
  a 
  condition 
  of 
  hunger 
  for 
  man, 
  had 
  it 
  not 
  been 
  that 
  the 
  females 
  

   often 
  travelled 
  on 
  us, 
  like 
  males, 
  before 
  feeding. 
  

  

  That 
  this 
  was, 
  nevertheless, 
  the 
  correct 
  explanation 
  was 
  shown 
  somewhat 
  later 
  

   by 
  a 
  little 
  definite 
  experimentation 
  at 
  Ngasamo 
  and 
  Nasa, 
  where 
  in 
  places 
  where 
  

   game 
  or 
  baboons 
  were 
  present 
  in 
  fair 
  numbers 
  the 
  males 
  far 
  exceeded 
  the 
  females, 
  

   while 
  in 
  pieces 
  of 
  bush 
  that 
  were 
  being 
  neglected 
  by 
  animals 
  the 
  female 
  proportion 
  

   was 
  higher. 
  In 
  one 
  experiment 
  catchers 
  who 
  kept 
  entirely 
  in 
  the 
  main 
  bush 
  caught 
  

   a 
  great 
  excess 
  of 
  males, 
  while 
  others 
  who 
  kept 
  outside 
  it 
  in 
  a 
  mbuga 
  in 
  which 
  were 
  

   villages 
  and 
  a 
  dearth 
  of 
  animals 
  took, 
  at 
  a 
  tongue 
  of 
  bush 
  extending 
  into 
  the 
  mbuga, 
  

  

  