﻿ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  ASPECTS 
  OF 
  AN 
  OUTBREAK 
  OF 
  SLEEPING 
  SICKNESS. 
  337 
  

  

  cattle 
  were 
  being 
  farmed 
  in 
  a 
  mere 
  mile-wide 
  strip, 
  some 
  of 
  it 
  going 
  back 
  to 
  bush 
  

   as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  a 
  reduction 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  cattle. 
  The 
  position 
  between 
  the 
  

   Mbarangeti 
  and 
  Rowana 
  is 
  still 
  more 
  curious, 
  for 
  here 
  a 
  very 
  narrow 
  clear 
  strip 
  

   exists 
  between 
  the 
  Lake 
  and 
  a 
  submarginal 
  strip 
  of 
  fine 
  mhali 
  wooding, 
  sheltering 
  

   thickets 
  in 
  which 
  brevipalpis 
  is 
  present 
  and 
  in 
  which 
  occasional 
  swynnertoni 
  appear. 
  

   Yet 
  cattle 
  are 
  kept 
  there 
  permanently, 
  it 
  is 
  said, 
  without 
  loss, 
  and 
  looked 
  well. 
  

  

  Instances 
  occur 
  also 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  territory 
  of 
  fairly 
  successful 
  cattle-keeping 
  

   in 
  diminutive, 
  fly-surrounded 
  open 
  spaces. 
  Safe 
  water, 
  avoidance 
  of 
  too 
  close 
  

   approach 
  to 
  the 
  bush 
  and 
  avoidance 
  of 
  much-frequented 
  paths 
  and 
  villages 
  would 
  

   seem 
  to 
  suffice 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  follow 
  from 
  this 
  also 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  does 
  not 
  venture 
  

   unearned 
  into 
  open 
  country 
  unless 
  to 
  conspicuous 
  objects 
  within 
  a 
  limited 
  range. 
  

  

  3. 
  Banishment 
  of 
  Tsetse 
  by 
  Partial 
  Clearing. 
  

  

  At 
  Kilalo 
  I 
  saw 
  the 
  interesting 
  phenomenon 
  of 
  the 
  riddance 
  of 
  fly 
  by 
  partial 
  

   clearing. 
  Small 
  areas 
  of 
  wooding 
  were 
  still 
  present, 
  but 
  they 
  were 
  mostly 
  in 
  the 
  

   valleys 
  and 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  by 
  cultivated 
  hill-tops 
  and 
  upper 
  slopes. 
  Several 
  

   herds 
  of 
  cattle 
  were 
  present, 
  and 
  only 
  occasional 
  tsetses 
  were 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  met 
  with. 
  

   It 
  was 
  said 
  that 
  twelve 
  years 
  ago 
  the 
  position 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  tsetse 
  over 
  most 
  

   of 
  the 
  area 
  was 
  the 
  reverse 
  of 
  what 
  it 
  is 
  now. 
  That 
  is, 
  the 
  cultivated 
  fields 
  instead 
  

   of 
  the 
  bush 
  patches 
  were 
  the 
  islands, 
  and 
  tsetses 
  still 
  inhabited 
  this 
  bush, 
  which 
  was 
  

   also 
  then 
  more 
  widely 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  main 
  infested 
  wooding. 
  In 
  Tshasama's 
  

   country 
  also 
  small 
  areas 
  of 
  bush 
  cut 
  off 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  areas 
  had 
  become 
  free 
  of 
  

   tsetse. 
  At 
  Kilalo 
  G. 
  swynnertoni 
  is 
  concerned, 
  at 
  Tshasama's 
  G. 
  morsitans. 
  

  

  4. 
  Test 
  of 
  a 
  Tsetsefuge. 
  

  

  Garlic, 
  suggested 
  by 
  me 
  previously 
  (Bull. 
  Ent. 
  Res., 
  xi, 
  p. 
  380), 
  was 
  tested 
  for 
  

   me 
  very 
  fully 
  on 
  cattle 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Tully, 
  and 
  proved 
  a 
  failure. 
  An 
  interesting 
  point 
  

   that 
  came 
  out 
  well 
  in 
  the 
  watching 
  of 
  the 
  cattle 
  used 
  on 
  this 
  expedition 
  and 
  to 
  which 
  

   Mr. 
  Tully 
  drew 
  attention 
  was 
  that, 
  quite 
  apart 
  from 
  considerations 
  of 
  colour, 
  

   individual 
  cattle 
  are 
  far 
  more 
  attacked 
  by 
  tsetses 
  than 
  are 
  others. 
  

  

  5. 
  Protection 
  against 
  Bites. 
  

  

  I 
  dressed 
  my 
  more 
  permanent 
  tsetse-catchers 
  in 
  white 
  clothing 
  with 
  long 
  

   trousers. 
  It 
  was 
  soon 
  remarked 
  by 
  themselves 
  and 
  their 
  companions 
  that 
  they 
  

   drew 
  few 
  flies, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  daily 
  observation, 
  when 
  on 
  the 
  march, 
  that 
  

   dark 
  colours 
  and 
  khaki 
  attracted 
  far 
  more 
  flies 
  than 
  white. 
  Long 
  trousers 
  in 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  are 
  not 
  an 
  absolute 
  protection 
  for 
  the 
  legs. 
  I 
  was 
  bitten 
  inside 
  my 
  helmet, 
  

   through 
  my 
  clothes, 
  and 
  once 
  by 
  a 
  fly 
  that, 
  in 
  the 
  tent 
  at 
  dusk, 
  introduced 
  itself 
  

   into 
  my 
  trousers 
  at 
  the 
  ankle 
  and" 
  bit 
  me 
  inside 
  the 
  thigh. 
  Again, 
  white 
  

   clothing 
  becomes 
  less 
  protective 
  when 
  no 
  alternative 
  is 
  present 
  for 
  the 
  flies 
  to 
  go 
  to. 
  

  

  A 
  veil 
  was 
  tested 
  on 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  occasions, 
  but 
  discarded 
  as 
  obscuring 
  vision. 
  It 
  

   was 
  a 
  protection, 
  but 
  a 
  discomfort. 
  

  

  XV. 
  — 
  The 
  Known 
  Infected 
  Area 
  and 
  the 
  Tsetse 
  apparently 
  responsible 
  

  

  for 
  the 
  Spread 
  of 
  the 
  Infection. 
  

  

  The 
  infected 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  Usukuma 
  fly-belt, 
  in 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  known 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  of 
  my 
  departure, 
  was 
  bounded 
  on 
  its 
  west 
  and 
  south-west 
  by 
  the 
  western 
  margin 
  

   of 
  the 
  tsetse-infested 
  acacia 
  woodland 
  area 
  from 
  Nyalikungu 
  to 
  Nung-hu, 
  and 
  on 
  its 
  

   east 
  by 
  the 
  settled 
  Zagayu-Luguru-Uhiro 
  arc, 
  with 
  some 
  infected 
  villages 
  outside 
  

   of 
  it. 
  On 
  the 
  north 
  it 
  extended 
  across 
  to 
  the 
  Duma 
  and 
  crossed 
  it, 
  the 
  Ngasamo- 
  

   Kilalo-Nasa 
  road 
  being 
  roughly 
  the 
  boundary 
  here. 
  An 
  isolated 
  small 
  outbreak 
  was 
  

   reported 
  from 
  Bukumi 
  just 
  south 
  of 
  Ikoma, 
  but 
  I 
  judge 
  from 
  an 
  incidental 
  reference 
  

   in 
  a 
  letter 
  that 
  this 
  proved 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  trypanosomiasis. 
  

  

  (8053) 
  z 
  2 
  

  

  