﻿ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  ASPECTS 
  OF 
  AN 
  OUTBREAK 
  OF 
  SLEEPING 
  SICKNESS. 
  339 
  

  

  and 
  he 
  is 
  bound 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  a 
  four 
  to 
  eight 
  months' 
  illness 
  to 
  infect 
  many 
  hundreds 
  

   of 
  tsetses 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  infection 
  of 
  his 
  fellow- 
  villagers 
  and 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  generally 
  

   is 
  only 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  possibly 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  short 
  time. 
  Evacuation 
  is 
  necessary. 
  

  

  Village 
  in 
  a 
  Mbuga. 
  — 
  A 
  more 
  compact 
  village 
  of 
  several 
  huts, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  

   surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  tall 
  euphorbia 
  hedge, 
  the 
  whole 
  much 
  cleaner 
  and 
  less 
  overgrown 
  

   than 
  the 
  last, 
  standing 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  bush 
  in 
  an 
  open 
  grassy 
  mbuga. 
  

   Other 
  euphorbia-circles 
  in 
  the 
  mbuga, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  still 
  containing 
  villages. 
  The 
  

   mbuga 
  surrounded 
  by 
  tsetse-haunted 
  thorn 
  bush. 
  The 
  river, 
  in 
  which 
  much 
  fishing 
  

   is 
  done, 
  not 
  far 
  away, 
  and 
  the 
  village 
  itself 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  better 
  game 
  

   country. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  outermost 
  of 
  the 
  infected 
  villages. 
  

  

  My 
  first 
  visit 
  was 
  by 
  moonlight 
  and 
  no 
  tsetses 
  were 
  seen. 
  On 
  my 
  second, 
  with 
  

   Dr. 
  Maclean, 
  two 
  tsetses 
  were 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  village, 
  perhaps 
  carried 
  in 
  by 
  ourselves. 
  

   It 
  was 
  stated 
  that 
  sometimes 
  many 
  tsetses 
  are 
  carried 
  in 
  from 
  the 
  bush, 
  and 
  from 
  

   one 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  clearing 
  experiment 
  described 
  above, 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  that 
  occasional 
  

   tsetses 
  might 
  range 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  bush 
  to 
  so 
  conspicuous 
  an 
  object 
  as 
  a 
  large, 
  black- 
  

   green 
  euphorbia 
  hedge. 
  The 
  conditions 
  in 
  the 
  village 
  itself, 
  however, 
  are 
  not 
  ideal 
  

   for 
  direct 
  transmission. 
  

  

  Three 
  people, 
  perhaps 
  four, 
  had 
  already 
  died 
  of 
  sleeping 
  sickness 
  in 
  this 
  village, 
  

   and 
  four 
  others 
  were 
  sick, 
  one 
  of 
  whom 
  had 
  come 
  there 
  sick 
  from 
  another 
  village. 
  

   One 
  of 
  the 
  four, 
  a 
  little 
  girl, 
  was 
  dying, 
  and 
  died 
  next 
  day, 
  but 
  was 
  replaced 
  at 
  the 
  

   second 
  visit 
  by 
  her 
  brother, 
  who 
  showed 
  svmptoms 
  sufficiently 
  suspicious 
  to 
  warrant 
  

   an 
  injection. 
  Visits 
  to 
  a 
  neighbouring 
  infected 
  village 
  (further 
  from 
  the 
  game 
  and 
  

   in 
  the 
  bush) 
  were 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  source 
  of 
  the 
  infection. 
  

  

  It 
  would 
  probably 
  take 
  comparatively 
  little 
  clearing 
  to 
  protect 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  a 
  

   village 
  of 
  this 
  type 
  (of 
  which 
  there 
  are 
  many) 
  from 
  tsetse, 
  if 
  only 
  they 
  would 
  then 
  

   keep 
  to 
  the 
  cleared 
  area 
  and 
  cleared 
  paths 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  bush 
  is 
  all 
  round, 
  the 
  temptations 
  

   of 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  the 
  game 
  at 
  their 
  door 
  are 
  too 
  great, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  too 
  far 
  away 
  from 
  

   everyone 
  for 
  supervision. 
  

  

  Village 
  in 
  Cleared 
  and 
  Closely 
  Settled 
  Country. 
  — 
  A 
  lane, 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  

   long, 
  flanked 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  by 
  a 
  tall 
  euphorbia 
  hedge 
  ; 
  small 
  millet 
  fields 
  up 
  against 
  

   it 
  on 
  the 
  outside. 
  At 
  intervals 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  small 
  openings 
  leading 
  directly 
  into 
  

   sub-villages, 
  which 
  are 
  themselves 
  surrounded 
  and 
  sometimes 
  subdivided 
  by 
  similar 
  

   shady 
  euphorbia 
  hedges 
  reinforced 
  closely 
  with 
  dry 
  thorn 
  to 
  make 
  them 
  impervious 
  

   to 
  cattle 
  and 
  goats. 
  The 
  whole 
  standing 
  in 
  cleared 
  and 
  open 
  country. 
  Several 
  

   cases 
  of 
  sleeping 
  sickness 
  present, 
  and 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  deaths 
  already. 
  Ornitiwdorus 
  

   ticks 
  and 
  mosquitos 
  present, 
  but 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  direct 
  transmission 
  through 
  these 
  

   negatived 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  except 
  in 
  one 
  instance 
  the 
  cases 
  were 
  scattered, 
  single 
  

   members 
  of 
  families 
  being 
  infected 
  and 
  (except 
  in 
  the 
  one 
  instance) 
  no 
  hut-fellows. 
  

   No 
  tsetses 
  could 
  be 
  found. 
  

  

  At 
  its 
  narrowest 
  point 
  the 
  completely 
  cleared 
  country 
  seemed 
  to 
  be 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  

   wide, 
  counting 
  from 
  the 
  nearest 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  lane, 
  itself 
  nearly 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  nearer 
  than 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  cases. 
  A 
  large 
  millet 
  field 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  village 
  then 
  separated 
  the 
  

   grazed 
  strip 
  from 
  country 
  in 
  which 
  bush 
  was 
  beginning 
  to 
  grow 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  

   old 
  occupation. 
  In 
  this 
  was 
  another 
  village 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  headman. 
  There 
  

   was 
  much 
  visiting 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  villages, 
  one 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  millet 
  and 
  open 
  

   ground, 
  and 
  tsetse 
  were 
  present 
  in 
  small 
  numbers 
  in 
  the 
  young 
  scrub. 
  A 
  considerable 
  

   distance 
  farther 
  on 
  came 
  the 
  real 
  thorn 
  forest, 
  with 
  more 
  numerous 
  tsetse 
  and 
  an 
  

   earlier 
  infected 
  village. 
  The 
  patients 
  there 
  had 
  also 
  been 
  much 
  visited 
  by 
  the 
  members 
  

   of 
  the 
  village 
  I 
  have 
  described, 
  and 
  its 
  infection 
  was 
  attributed 
  to 
  this, 
  though 
  the 
  

   bush 
  was 
  visited 
  also 
  for 
  firewood 
  and 
  building 
  material, 
  and 
  doubtless 
  for 
  other 
  

   purposes. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  tsetses 
  would 
  be 
  carried 
  back 
  on 
  these 
  occasions, 
  but 
  the 
  scattered 
  nature 
  

   of 
  the 
  cases, 
  referred 
  to 
  already, 
  suggests 
  that 
  these 
  tsetses 
  carried 
  into 
  the 
  villages 
  

  

  