﻿354 
  C. 
  F. 
  M. 
  SWYNNERTON. 
  

  

  people 
  evacuated 
  and 
  all 
  gardens 
  to 
  be 
  nowhere 
  less 
  than 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  bush 
  ; 
  no 
  

   entering 
  of 
  it 
  for 
  any 
  purpose 
  except 
  on 
  cleared 
  roads 
  ; 
  all 
  cutting 
  of 
  wood, 
  

   etc., 
  to 
  be 
  on 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  bush 
  — 
  an 
  approach 
  to 
  the 
  fly 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  impossible 
  

   to 
  avoid 
  in 
  a 
  country 
  clear 
  of 
  wooding 
  but 
  that 
  would 
  result 
  in 
  a 
  steady 
  invasion 
  of 
  

   it 
  ; 
  the 
  road 
  to 
  be 
  cleared 
  from 
  Luguru 
  to 
  Sengerema 
  and 
  from 
  Maswa 
  to 
  Nasa 
  to 
  

   provide 
  for 
  the 
  main 
  traffic 
  of 
  the 
  country, 
  also 
  another 
  road 
  (already 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  

   part 
  clear) 
  following 
  the 
  Lake 
  shore 
  through 
  Nasa 
  to 
  Mwanza 
  ; 
  a 
  path 
  to 
  be 
  cleared 
  

   (where 
  necessary) 
  to 
  water 
  from 
  each 
  group 
  of 
  villages 
  ; 
  some 
  general 
  effort 
  to 
  be 
  

   made 
  to 
  keep 
  bush 
  from 
  growing 
  up 
  within 
  cleared 
  areas 
  ; 
  and 
  burning 
  of 
  the 
  

   bush 
  areas 
  (by 
  then 
  evacuated) 
  to 
  be 
  postponed 
  each 
  year 
  to 
  a 
  given 
  date, 
  the 
  

   cattle-owning 
  population 
  meantime 
  continuing 
  its 
  custom 
  of 
  protecting 
  its 
  grazing 
  

   by 
  burning 
  around 
  it 
  an 
  early 
  fire-guard 
  that 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  spread. 
  

  

  The 
  necessity 
  for 
  some 
  adequate 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  hoe 
  traffic 
  or 
  its 
  discontinuance, 
  

   for 
  the 
  continuance 
  of 
  the 
  salt 
  traffic 
  only 
  through 
  cleared 
  villages 
  and 
  under 
  such 
  

   safeguards 
  as 
  might 
  be 
  possible, 
  and 
  for 
  clearing 
  round 
  bush 
  villages 
  immediately 
  

   surrounding 
  the 
  evacuated 
  areas, 
  was 
  also 
  recognised. 
  Some 
  details 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  

   the 
  measures 
  mentioned 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  interest. 
  

  

  1. 
  Evacuation. 
  

  

  With 
  direct 
  transmission 
  as 
  the 
  only 
  factor 
  in 
  the 
  spread 
  of 
  human 
  trypano- 
  

   somiasis 
  a 
  completely 
  successful 
  segregation, 
  or 
  successful 
  treatment 
  alone, 
  of 
  all 
  

   infected 
  persons 
  should, 
  theoretically, 
  suffice 
  to 
  clear 
  an 
  area 
  rapidly 
  of 
  the 
  disease, 
  

   and 
  treatment 
  is 
  the 
  line 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  French 
  are 
  working 
  in 
  their 
  colonies. 
  But 
  (a) 
  

   concealment 
  of 
  cases 
  may 
  take 
  place 
  ; 
  (b) 
  detection 
  of 
  all 
  infects 
  cannot 
  be 
  expected 
  

   even 
  when 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  intentional 
  concealment 
  ; 
  (c) 
  the 
  problem 
  of 
  evacuation 
  was, 
  

   in 
  this 
  case, 
  exceptionally 
  simple, 
  a 
  fraction 
  only 
  of 
  the 
  population 
  living 
  in 
  the 
  bush, 
  

   cleared 
  country 
  being 
  present 
  close 
  by 
  in 
  each 
  Sultanate 
  to 
  move 
  to, 
  and 
  the 
  co- 
  

   operation 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  responsible 
  natives 
  being 
  assured 
  ; 
  (d) 
  direct 
  transmission 
  as 
  

   a 
  sole 
  factor, 
  though 
  attractive 
  as 
  a 
  working 
  hypothesis 
  and 
  just 
  possibly 
  true, 
  

   is 
  unproved, 
  and 
  should 
  cyclical 
  transmission 
  play 
  any 
  great 
  part 
  and 
  long-lasting 
  

   infection 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  be 
  present, 
  the 
  area 
  would 
  be 
  in 
  the 
  highest 
  

   degree 
  dangerous, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  important 
  to 
  evacuate 
  it 
  at 
  once 
  ; 
  (<?) 
  the 
  position 
  

   otherwise 
  also 
  was 
  unique 
  and 
  possibly 
  full 
  of 
  danger 
  ; 
  here, 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time, 
  was 
  

   a 
  very 
  definite 
  epidemic 
  of 
  human 
  trypanosomiasis 
  carried 
  by 
  a 
  fly 
  of 
  the 
  morsitans 
  

   group 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  territory 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  infested 
  with 
  morsitans 
  flies 
  

   and 
  which 
  adjoins 
  great 
  territories 
  similarly 
  infested 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  a 
  fly-belt 
  that 
  

   was 
  connected, 
  both 
  by 
  the 
  "stepping-stones" 
  of 
  the 
  Chinyanga-Kahama 
  belts 
  

   and 
  by 
  a 
  constant 
  native 
  traffic, 
  difficult 
  or 
  impossible 
  to 
  control, 
  with 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  

   extensive 
  and 
  important 
  morsitans 
  belts 
  in 
  the 
  territory 
  ; 
  and 
  (/) 
  an 
  immediate 
  decision 
  

   was 
  necessary, 
  as 
  otherwise 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  too 
  late 
  to 
  hoe 
  for 
  crops 
  in 
  the 
  new 
  locations. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  such 
  considerations 
  we 
  had 
  no 
  hesitation 
  in 
  recommending 
  evacuation. 
  

   The 
  measure 
  is 
  a 
  sound 
  one 
  also 
  from 
  another 
  point 
  of 
  view. 
  Instead 
  of 
  dissipating 
  

   their 
  energies, 
  scattered 
  through 
  the 
  woodland 
  in 
  unselected 
  spots, 
  clearing 
  nowhere 
  

   enough 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  smallest 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  tsetses, 
  the 
  people 
  evacuated 
  would 
  swell 
  

   the 
  numbers 
  of 
  those 
  living 
  outside 
  the 
  fly 
  area, 
  who 
  by 
  the 
  mere 
  fact 
  of 
  settlement 
  

   are 
  tending 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  infested 
  bush 
  from 
  its 
  outskirts 
  inwards. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  completely 
  impossible 
  to 
  prevent 
  these 
  people 
  from 
  re-entering 
  the 
  bush 
  

   from 
  their 
  new 
  villages 
  without 
  the 
  employment 
  of 
  much 
  vigilance, 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   staff 
  and 
  an 
  Administrative 
  Officer 
  in 
  special 
  control, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  recommended 
  that 
  

   these 
  should 
  be 
  employed 
  ; 
  for 
  even 
  a 
  marked 
  check 
  on 
  such 
  movements 
  will 
  be 
  

   useful, 
  and 
  Uganda 
  experience 
  shows 
  that 
  in 
  moderation 
  they 
  will 
  do 
  no 
  harm 
  once 
  

   the 
  main 
  conditions 
  for 
  an 
  epidemic 
  are 
  removed. 
  With 
  their 
  villages 
  all 
  in 
  clean 
  

   country 
  as 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  evacuation 
  and 
  the 
  real 
  danger 
  — 
  the 
  bush 
  village 
  — 
  extinct, 
  

   the 
  chances 
  that 
  infects 
  will 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  spread 
  the 
  disease 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  causing 
  

   a 
  renewed 
  epidemic 
  will 
  be 
  very 
  greatly 
  lessened. 
  

  

  