﻿358 
  C. 
  F. 
  M. 
  SWYNNERTON. 
  

  

  by 
  paid 
  men 
  ; 
  and 
  (b) 
  incidental 
  measures, 
  consisting 
  in 
  the 
  mere 
  diversion 
  into 
  

   channels 
  hostile 
  to 
  the 
  tsetse 
  of 
  some 
  process 
  or 
  agency 
  already 
  at 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  

   country 
  and 
  costing 
  little 
  or 
  nothing 
  to 
  divert 
  or 
  to 
  organise. 
  

  

  Wholesale 
  Measures. 
  

  

  Game 
  Destruction. 
  — 
  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  game 
  animals 
  over 
  any 
  great 
  area 
  by 
  men 
  

   specially 
  employed 
  is 
  too 
  expensive 
  to 
  contemplate, 
  and 
  unless 
  the 
  area 
  or 
  a 
  broad 
  

   barrier 
  round 
  it 
  is 
  at 
  once 
  fully 
  settled 
  it 
  will 
  gradually 
  fill 
  with 
  game 
  again. 
  

  

  Game 
  destruction 
  carried 
  out 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  arming 
  the 
  natives 
  and 
  allowing 
  

   unlimited 
  shooting 
  might 
  succeed 
  in 
  decimating 
  the 
  nobler 
  game 
  over 
  areas 
  of 
  savannah 
  

   forest 
  that 
  are 
  nearly 
  devoid 
  of 
  thicket 
  (though 
  probably 
  not, 
  for 
  such 
  areas 
  are 
  also 
  

   poor 
  in 
  natives), 
  but 
  in 
  most 
  areas 
  would 
  leave 
  the 
  bush-pigs 
  (which 
  are 
  probably 
  

   quite 
  inexterminable) 
  and 
  other 
  small 
  animals. 
  These 
  live 
  in 
  the 
  thickets 
  that 
  

   result 
  from 
  the 
  coppicing 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  native's 
  method 
  of 
  cultivation 
  aided 
  by 
  his 
  

   usual 
  untimely 
  burning 
  of 
  the 
  grass, 
  and 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  keeping 
  the 
  fly 
  fed 
  to-day 
  in 
  

   certain 
  areas 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  bigger 
  game 
  has 
  gone 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  

   native 
  later 
  invades 
  the 
  cleaner 
  savannah 
  forest 
  areas 
  that 
  we 
  have, 
  let 
  us 
  suppose, 
  

   cleared 
  of 
  fly 
  by 
  killing 
  the 
  animals, 
  his 
  thickets, 
  with 
  their 
  pigs 
  and 
  their 
  fly, 
  will 
  

   accompany 
  him, 
  and 
  we 
  shall 
  have 
  gained 
  nothing, 
  ultimately, 
  by 
  killing 
  the 
  game. 
  

   This 
  sort 
  of 
  position 
  actually 
  exists 
  to-day 
  in 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  in 
  which 
  there 
  

   is 
  a 
  fair 
  native 
  population. 
  It 
  takes 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  population 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  of 
  cattle 
  

   combined 
  to 
  produce, 
  in 
  what 
  is 
  normally 
  a 
  bush 
  country, 
  the 
  temporary 
  freedom 
  

   from 
  bush 
  and 
  fly 
  that 
  exists 
  in 
  parts 
  of 
  Tabora 
  and 
  Mwanza. 
  In 
  such 
  a 
  case 
  the 
  

   clearing 
  of 
  the 
  bush 
  automatically 
  eliminate.? 
  the 
  tsetse 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  need 
  for 
  

   further 
  measures 
  against 
  the 
  game. 
  

  

  Game 
  — 
  it 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  certain 
  kinds 
  in 
  particular 
  — 
  would 
  seem 
  capable 
  of 
  carrying 
  

   tsetses 
  into 
  cattle-pasture 
  and 
  so 
  causing 
  small 
  outbreaks 
  of 
  nagana, 
  but 
  our 
  study 
  

   of 
  the 
  position 
  at 
  Mtukuza, 
  where 
  four 
  herds 
  of 
  cattle 
  were 
  running 
  in 
  apparent 
  

   and 
  alleged 
  safety 
  in 
  a 
  limited 
  open 
  space 
  closely 
  hemmed 
  in 
  by 
  tsetse 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   game 
  from 
  the 
  surrounding 
  country 
  also 
  congregated, 
  was 
  illuminating 
  in 
  this 
  connec- 
  

   tion. 
  Several 
  head 
  of 
  game 
  were 
  shot 
  here, 
  but 
  the 
  only 
  flies 
  found 
  either 
  on 
  them 
  

   or 
  in 
  the 
  mbuga 
  generally 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  special 
  search 
  were 
  occasional 
  individuals 
  in 
  

   the 
  small 
  clumps 
  of 
  trees. 
  Shircore 
  has 
  also 
  recorded 
  that 
  tsetses 
  are 
  not 
  found 
  on 
  

   game 
  shot 
  in 
  dambos 
  except 
  when 
  near 
  the 
  fringe 
  of 
  forest 
  harbouring 
  the 
  fly. 
  This, 
  

   with 
  the 
  observation 
  that 
  flies 
  once 
  carried 
  well 
  into 
  an 
  open 
  space 
  tend 
  to 
  dismount 
  

   on 
  reaching 
  bushes 
  or 
  trees, 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  real 
  protection 
  against 
  this 
  danger 
  lies 
  

   in 
  most 
  cases 
  in 
  the 
  clearing 
  of 
  the 
  bush 
  in 
  the 
  endangered 
  pasture. 
  Similarly, 
  

   bushes 
  and 
  trees 
  standing 
  near 
  huts 
  and 
  gardens 
  in 
  clear 
  country 
  near 
  the 
  margins 
  

   of 
  tsetse 
  areas 
  should 
  be 
  cleared 
  for 
  protection 
  against 
  flies 
  brought 
  in 
  by 
  baboons, 
  

   and 
  the 
  danger 
  thus 
  reduced 
  to 
  that 
  which 
  may 
  still 
  result 
  from 
  the 
  few 
  flies 
  

   that 
  will 
  leave 
  the 
  baboons 
  for 
  the 
  crops 
  or 
  the 
  huts. 
  Occasionally, 
  as 
  to-day 
  

   near 
  Namanyere, 
  the 
  bushes 
  and 
  trees 
  are 
  too 
  many 
  to 
  be 
  cleared, 
  and 
  steps 
  

   have 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  against 
  a 
  particular 
  herd 
  of 
  the 
  "wandering" 
  section 
  of 
  our 
  

   game 
  animals. 
  

  

  Game 
  destruction 
  will 
  not 
  merely, 
  in 
  most 
  cases, 
  be 
  useless 
  for 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  

   such 
  eradication 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  as 
  will 
  enable 
  cattle 
  to 
  be 
  kept 
  in 
  what 
  is 
  now 
  tsetse 
  country, 
  

   but 
  is 
  even 
  highly 
  dangerous 
  to 
  man. 
  I 
  have 
  already 
  said 
  so 
  much 
  in 
  evidence 
  of 
  this 
  

   fact 
  that 
  I 
  need 
  not 
  labour 
  the 
  point 
  here. 
  It 
  is 
  obviously 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  a 
  policy 
  

   to 
  be 
  undertaken 
  light-heartedly. 
  

  

  Bush 
  Destruction. 
  — 
  It 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  divide 
  our 
  secondary 
  bush 
  formations 
  

   into 
  three 
  categories 
  : 
  (a) 
  the 
  relatively 
  open 
  savannah 
  forest 
  that 
  tends 
  to 
  accom- 
  

   pany 
  an 
  absence 
  of 
  human 
  population 
  ; 
  (b) 
  the 
  savannah 
  forest 
  intermixed 
  with 
  or 
  

   replaced 
  by 
  thickets 
  that 
  accompanies 
  the 
  appreciable 
  presence 
  in 
  the 
  past 
  of 
  natives 
  

   (or, 
  in 
  places, 
  elephants) 
  ; 
  and 
  (c) 
  the 
  country 
  clear 
  of 
  all 
  bush 
  that 
  accompanies 
  

   continuous, 
  intensive 
  native 
  settlement 
  or 
  intensive 
  grazing 
  by 
  game 
  and 
  by 
  cattle, 
  

  

  