﻿ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  ASPECTS 
  OF 
  AN 
  OUTBREAK 
  OF 
  SLEEPING 
  SICKNESS. 
  365 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  interchange 
  of 
  parasites 
  in 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  Africa. 
  I 
  understand 
  that 
  

   Dr. 
  W. 
  A. 
  Lamborn 
  is 
  working 
  on 
  this 
  in 
  Nyasaland, 
  with 
  considerable 
  prospects 
  of 
  

   success, 
  and 
  that 
  he 
  will 
  shortly 
  be 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  to 
  supply 
  large 
  quantities 
  of 
  the 
  

   parasites 
  of 
  the 
  pupae. 
  The 
  release 
  of 
  the 
  parasites 
  would 
  take 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  chief 
  

   breeding 
  centres 
  of 
  the 
  tsetses, 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  well, 
  when 
  it 
  became 
  practicable 
  

   to 
  do 
  so, 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  a 
  trial 
  in 
  a 
  selected 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Simiyu 
  or 
  Chinyanga 
  areas. 
  

  

  Asilid 
  flies 
  of 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  species 
  were 
  called 
  by 
  the 
  Wasukuma 
  the 
  " 
  Lion 
  of 
  the 
  

   Tsetse," 
  and 
  a 
  Sultan 
  in 
  the 
  Tabora 
  district 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  reported 
  that 
  a 
  whole 
  

   area 
  had 
  been 
  cleared 
  of 
  tsetse 
  by 
  these 
  flies. 
  Unfortunately 
  their 
  breeding, 
  even 
  

   if 
  they 
  should 
  specialise 
  in 
  tsetses 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  reported, 
  is 
  likely 
  to 
  offer 
  

   insuperable 
  difficulties. 
  

  

  I 
  saw 
  relatively 
  few 
  drongos 
  and 
  fly-catchers 
  in 
  the 
  fly 
  area, 
  and 
  the 
  local 
  natives 
  

   are 
  great 
  bird-catchers 
  and 
  eaters 
  of 
  nestlings. 
  Possibly, 
  as 
  Mr. 
  Turnbull 
  suggested, 
  

   the 
  evacuation 
  of 
  the 
  infected 
  area 
  may 
  help 
  the 
  birds 
  a 
  little. 
  Guinea-fowls, 
  of 
  

   which 
  also 
  I 
  saw 
  but 
  few, 
  might 
  be 
  particularly 
  useful 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  a 
  fly 
  that 
  is 
  so 
  

   partial 
  to 
  breeding 
  in 
  thickets, 
  and 
  seeing 
  that 
  birds 
  hand 
  on 
  their 
  traditions 
  to 
  their 
  

   young, 
  the 
  release 
  of 
  guinea-fowls 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  accustomed 
  in 
  captivity 
  to 
  scratch 
  

   up 
  the 
  pupae 
  of 
  Muscid 
  flies 
  under 
  logs 
  and 
  in 
  other 
  typical 
  breeding-places 
  might 
  

   possibly 
  be 
  of 
  use. 
  Unfortunately 
  any 
  bird 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  domesticated 
  would 
  be 
  

   at 
  a 
  disadvantage 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  carnivora 
  and 
  man. 
  

  

  XXIII. 
  — 
  General 
  Prophylactic 
  Measures. 
  

  

  The 
  Perpetuation 
  of 
  Areas 
  once 
  Fly-free. 
  — 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  things 
  about 
  

   the 
  cleared, 
  populated 
  areas 
  is 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  small 
  thorn 
  trees 
  kept 
  right 
  down 
  by 
  

   the 
  cattle 
  and 
  goats 
  or 
  cut 
  for 
  firewood 
  if 
  they 
  should 
  grow 
  beyond 
  them, 
  that 
  stud 
  

   the 
  ground, 
  lying 
  in 
  wait 
  to 
  renew 
  the 
  forest 
  and 
  reintroduce 
  the 
  tsetse 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  is 
  abandoned. 
  Abandoned 
  settlements 
  growing 
  up 
  first 
  into 
  scrub, 
  

   then 
  into 
  bush, 
  and 
  already 
  harbouring 
  tsetse 
  in 
  some 
  numbers 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  

   the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  or 
  (as 
  at 
  Ndagalo) 
  in 
  the 
  wooding, 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  given 
  on 
  page 
  361 
  

   instances 
  from 
  three 
  districts 
  which 
  show 
  how 
  serious 
  and 
  pressing 
  a 
  matter 
  this 
  

   is 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  our 
  cattle 
  areas. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  cattle 
  areas 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  to 
  prevent 
  this 
  regrowth. 
  The 
  extent 
  of 
  country 
  that 
  is 
  covered 
  in 
  Tangan- 
  

   yika 
  Territory 
  by 
  old 
  cleared 
  ground 
  and 
  gardens, 
  native 
  and 
  European, 
  that 
  have 
  

   gone 
  back 
  or 
  are 
  going 
  back 
  to 
  bush 
  is 
  enormous, 
  and 
  I 
  was 
  specially 
  impressed 
  in 
  

   the 
  Namanyere 
  sub-district 
  by 
  the 
  indications 
  of 
  extensive 
  former 
  occupation 
  in 
  

   country 
  that 
  is 
  now 
  entirely 
  given 
  up 
  to 
  fly. 
  Had 
  it 
  been 
  the 
  custom 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  

   and 
  the 
  European 
  thoroughly 
  to 
  stump 
  all 
  shambas, 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  fly-infested 
  

   land 
  would 
  now 
  either 
  be 
  free 
  or 
  require 
  but 
  little 
  additional 
  work 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  free. 
  

   I, 
  myself, 
  by 
  merely 
  stumping 
  for 
  ploughing, 
  cleared 
  many 
  acres 
  of 
  ground 
  in 
  

   Rhodesia 
  from 
  a 
  pestiferous 
  woody 
  Parinariiim 
  that 
  alwavs 
  springs 
  again 
  in 
  native 
  

   fields 
  and 
  forms 
  thickets 
  after 
  their 
  abandonment. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  clear 
  areas 
  in 
  the 
  Mwanza 
  district 
  the 
  stumps 
  are 
  neither 
  over-large 
  nor 
  

   too 
  densely 
  growing, 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  very 
  small 
  trouble 
  in 
  these 
  thickly- 
  

   settled 
  parts, 
  while 
  they 
  still 
  remain 
  thickly 
  settled, 
  for 
  the 
  natives 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  

   stumps 
  and 
  so 
  make 
  their 
  tsetse-free 
  areas 
  more 
  permanently 
  tsetse-free. 
  They 
  

   have 
  doubtless 
  much 
  work 
  to 
  do 
  this 
  year 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  their 
  road 
  clearings 
  

   and 
  the 
  moving 
  of 
  their 
  villages, 
  but 
  it 
  has 
  already 
  become 
  very 
  necessary, 
  as 
  a 
  

   sleeping 
  sickness 
  measure, 
  that 
  they 
  should 
  keep 
  the 
  scrub 
  about 
  their 
  villages 
  from 
  

   growing 
  up, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  recommended 
  strongly 
  that 
  from 
  next 
  year 
  on 
  the}' 
  should 
  

   be 
  encouraged 
  to 
  do 
  this 
  not 
  by 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  cutting 
  back, 
  which 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  repeated 
  

   laboriously 
  year 
  after 
  year, 
  but 
  once 
  and 
  for 
  all 
  by 
  stumping. 
  

  

  It 
  should 
  also 
  be 
  a 
  rule 
  that 
  any 
  native 
  living 
  in 
  a 
  tsetse 
  area 
  anywhere 
  shall 
  stump 
  

   his 
  garden, 
  and, 
  when 
  the 
  moment 
  is 
  opportune, 
  legislation 
  might 
  enact 
  the 
  same 
  

   contribution 
  to 
  our 
  campaign 
  from 
  the 
  European 
  owner 
  of 
  shambas. 
  But 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

  

  