﻿ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  ASPECTS 
  OF 
  AN 
  OUTBREAK 
  OF 
  SLEEPING 
  SICKNESS. 
  369 
  

  

  likely 
  to 
  be 
  unusually 
  feasible 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  (1) 
  through 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  we 
  shall 
  in 
  three 
  

   or 
  four 
  years 
  have 
  a 
  native 
  population 
  that 
  will 
  be 
  anxious 
  for 
  resettlement, 
  and 
  

   (2) 
  because 
  beside 
  the 
  fly-belt 
  lies 
  a 
  densely 
  populated 
  area 
  from 
  which 
  it 
  should 
  

   prove 
  possible 
  to 
  attract 
  recruits. 
  We 
  could 
  gain 
  experience 
  and 
  begin 
  to 
  remove 
  

   the 
  dangerous 
  link 
  between 
  the 
  greater 
  belts 
  by 
  attacking 
  first 
  the 
  small 
  belt 
  of 
  

   Chinyanga, 
  and 
  then 
  lay 
  our 
  detailed 
  plans 
  for 
  the 
  area 
  between 
  Usmao 
  and 
  the 
  

   Duma 
  in 
  time 
  for 
  the 
  return 
  of 
  its 
  population. 
  This 
  last 
  is 
  a 
  golden 
  opportunity 
  

   for 
  such 
  an 
  experiment 
  and 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  neglected. 
  My 
  immediate 
  recommendation, 
  

   if 
  the 
  Senior 
  Commissioner 
  of 
  Tabora 
  should 
  regard 
  the 
  scheme 
  as 
  locally 
  applicable 
  

   and 
  if 
  Dr. 
  Duke's 
  findings 
  are 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  render 
  it 
  inadvisable 
  to 
  re-people 
  the 
  Simiyu 
  

   for 
  some 
  time, 
  would 
  be 
  that 
  officers 
  of 
  the 
  Medical, 
  Veterinary, 
  Game 
  and 
  Agricul- 
  

   tural 
  Departments 
  should, 
  with 
  the 
  Senior 
  Commissioner, 
  study 
  the 
  Chinyanga 
  belt 
  

   and 
  the 
  resources 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  diverted 
  to 
  it, 
  and 
  draw 
  up 
  a 
  plan 
  which 
  would 
  then 
  

   be 
  put 
  into 
  effect. 
  

  

  I 
  will 
  here 
  reiterate 
  my 
  conviction 
  that 
  the 
  time 
  has 
  arrived 
  when 
  we 
  can 
  learn 
  

   most 
  about 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  tsetse 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  man 
  and 
  cattle 
  by 
  definitely 
  taking 
  

   in 
  hand 
  particular 
  problems 
  — 
  whether 
  fly-areas 
  or 
  infested 
  roads. 
  I 
  would 
  expect 
  

   much 
  from 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  experiments 
  I 
  have 
  suggested. 
  

  

  General 
  Policy. 
  

  

  Development, 
  not 
  retreat, 
  is 
  the 
  right 
  general 
  polic}' 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  fly-areas. 
  

   Where 
  through 
  lack 
  of 
  urgency 
  or 
  for 
  other 
  reasons 
  we 
  do 
  not, 
  or 
  cannot, 
  put 
  into 
  

   effect 
  what 
  I 
  have 
  termed 
  " 
  judicious 
  " 
  settlement, 
  the 
  development 
  should 
  take 
  

   place 
  mainly 
  as 
  an 
  invasion 
  from 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  cattle 
  areas, 
  beginning 
  in 
  the 
  

   localities 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  cattle 
  pressure 
  is 
  greatest 
  and 
  the 
  human 
  material 
  therefore 
  

   most 
  needing 
  assistance, 
  and 
  also 
  most 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  anxious 
  itself 
  to 
  assist. 
  Our 
  

   ability 
  at 
  once 
  to 
  stock 
  fully 
  the 
  country 
  reclaimed 
  will 
  then 
  keep 
  pace 
  with 
  the 
  

   work 
  ; 
  the 
  latter 
  will 
  concern 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  chiefly 
  natives 
  who 
  already 
  know 
  fully 
  

   the 
  advantages 
  of 
  cattle-keeping, 
  and 
  of 
  whose 
  keen 
  co-operation 
  we 
  shall 
  therefore 
  

   be 
  assured, 
  even 
  should 
  it 
  sometimes 
  come 
  to 
  localised 
  measures 
  of 
  hand-clearing 
  ; 
  

   and 
  it 
  will 
  least 
  dissipate 
  the 
  energies 
  of 
  our 
  keen 
  but 
  small 
  Veterinary 
  Department, 
  

   whose 
  ability 
  to 
  take 
  its 
  full 
  share 
  in 
  the 
  carrying 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  measure 
  is 
  most 
  essential 
  

   to 
  the 
  success 
  of 
  the 
  scheme. 
  Government 
  encouragement 
  to 
  agriculture, 
  eg., 
  to 
  

   cotton 
  growing, 
  should 
  be 
  concentrated 
  whenever 
  possible 
  in 
  places 
  on 
  the 
  margins 
  

   of 
  fly-areas 
  or 
  along 
  roads 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  wished 
  to 
  make 
  safe 
  for 
  cattle, 
  and 
  settlement 
  

   generally 
  should 
  be 
  attracted 
  to 
  these 
  places 
  by 
  any 
  suitable 
  means. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  feasibility 
  of 
  directing 
  any 
  surplus, 
  present 
  or 
  future, 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  of 
  

   cattle 
  to 
  the 
  organised 
  invasion 
  of 
  tsetse 
  belts 
  should 
  be 
  carefully 
  examined 
  in 
  each 
  

   cattle-keeping 
  district, 
  for 
  the 
  ultimate 
  alternative 
  is 
  inevitably 
  heavy 
  overstocking 
  

   and 
  loss 
  and, 
  in 
  places, 
  retreat 
  ; 
  and 
  even 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  not 
  an 
  adequate 
  

   market 
  for 
  the 
  territory's 
  cattle 
  need 
  not 
  be 
  regretted 
  if 
  we 
  can 
  utilise 
  the 
  animals 
  

   thus 
  saved 
  to 
  us 
  for 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  the 
  tsetse. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  same 
  time, 
  by 
  overcoming 
  the 
  difficulties 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  of 
  late 
  grass-burning, 
  

   by 
  the 
  release 
  of 
  parasites, 
  by 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  large 
  locations 
  instead 
  of 
  the 
  familv 
  

   village 
  and 
  by 
  starting 
  eland 
  farming, 
  we 
  should 
  organise 
  an 
  invasion 
  of 
  the 
  

   fly-belts 
  from 
  within. 
  The 
  result 
  of 
  a 
  successful 
  application 
  of 
  the 
  principle 
  of 
  late 
  

   grass-burning 
  would 
  consist 
  in 
  an 
  ultimate 
  opening 
  to 
  cattle 
  farming 
  of 
  great 
  blocks 
  

   together 
  that 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  impossible 
  to 
  stock 
  heavily 
  at 
  once, 
  but 
  in 
  which 
  cattle 
  

   would 
  run 
  safely 
  in 
  scattered 
  herds 
  with 
  unstinted 
  grazing 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  best 
  

   conditions 
  for 
  rapid 
  increase 
  — 
  in 
  contradistinction 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  type 
  of 
  invasion 
  

   which 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  maintained 
  by 
  continuous 
  heavy 
  stocking 
  accompanied 
  by 
  

   some 
  liability 
  to 
  loss 
  through 
  insufficient 
  pasture 
  in 
  the 
  dry 
  season. 
  We 
  may 
  also 
  

   find 
  it 
  possible, 
  in 
  places 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  primary 
  centres 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  are 
  somewhat 
  scattered, 
  

   to 
  reduce 
  large 
  blocks 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  by 
  such 
  measures 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  referred 
  to 
  under 
  

   "Local 
  Measures 
  against 
  Tsetse-flies." 
  

  

  