﻿370 
  C. 
  F. 
  M. 
  SWYNNERTON. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  here 
  summarised 
  the 
  policy 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  measures 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  fly- 
  

   areas 
  of 
  Mwanza, 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  generally, 
  and 
  possibly 
  the 
  morsitans 
  areas 
  of 
  any 
  

   other 
  territory, 
  may 
  gradually 
  be 
  eliminated. 
  A 
  continent- 
  wide 
  problem 
  must 
  be 
  

   met, 
  not 
  by 
  scattered 
  measures, 
  but 
  by 
  a 
  broad, 
  firm 
  and 
  persistent 
  policy, 
  refusing 
  

   the 
  aid 
  of 
  no 
  measure 
  which 
  locally 
  or 
  generally 
  may 
  accelerate 
  the 
  attainment 
  of 
  

   its 
  purpose. 
  The 
  process 
  will 
  be 
  slow, 
  but 
  it 
  will 
  also 
  be 
  sure. 
  It 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  other 
  way 
  and 
  that 
  an 
  administration 
  that 
  is 
  not 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  to 
  put 
  this 
  

   policy 
  in 
  motion 
  will 
  not 
  get 
  rid 
  of 
  its 
  tsetses. 
  I 
  believe 
  that 
  we 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  a 
  

   position 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  start. 
  The 
  first 
  step 
  will 
  be 
  to 
  examine 
  in 
  every 
  district 
  the 
  

   position 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  feasibility 
  of 
  the 
  policy. 
  The 
  second 
  step 
  will 
  be 
  

   to 
  put 
  it 
  into 
  operation 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  already 
  feasible, 
  with 
  such 
  modifications 
  of 
  detail 
  as 
  

   the 
  local 
  conditions 
  may 
  demand, 
  and 
  to 
  prepare 
  the 
  ground 
  for 
  it 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  not, 
  by 
  

   means 
  of 
  propaganda, 
  the 
  special 
  fostering 
  of 
  the 
  cattle 
  industry, 
  the 
  encouragement 
  

   in 
  fly 
  country 
  of 
  large 
  locations 
  and 
  the 
  organisation 
  of 
  their 
  expansion, 
  or 
  any 
  

   other 
  measure 
  that 
  is 
  locally 
  indicated. 
  

  

  Human 
  Trypanosomiasis. 
  

  

  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  human 
  trypanosomiasis 
  in 
  severe 
  epidemic 
  form 
  in 
  association 
  

   with 
  a 
  morsitans 
  fly, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  considerations 
  I 
  have 
  stated 
  in 
  Section 
  XX, 
  

   suggests 
  the 
  utility 
  of 
  a 
  survey 
  of 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  south 
  on 
  the 
  lines 
  suggested 
  on 
  page 
  366. 
  

  

  As 
  regards 
  measures, 
  atoxylisation 
  of 
  infects 
  and 
  "screens" 
  of 
  immune 
  pigs 
  

   appear 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  simple 
  but 
  comprehensive 
  combination 
  favoured 
  by 
  the 
  French. 
  

   On 
  the 
  prospects 
  of 
  a 
  measure 
  equivalent 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  competent 
  to 
  express 
  

   an 
  opinion, 
  but 
  the 
  wild 
  game 
  animals, 
  with 
  eland 
  farming 
  in 
  fly 
  country 
  ultimately 
  

   superadded, 
  would 
  with 
  us 
  play 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  French 
  animal 
  screens. 
  We 
  appear 
  

   to 
  be 
  arriving 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  conclusions 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  continent. 
  I 
  would 
  add 
  

   the 
  utility 
  of 
  making 
  the 
  native 
  live 
  on 
  a 
  clean 
  site 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  his 
  cultivation 
  

   and 
  not 
  in 
  the 
  fly-infested 
  bush 
  beside 
  it 
  or 
  away 
  from 
  it. 
  The 
  disappearance 
  in 
  this 
  

   way 
  of 
  the 
  thoroughly 
  dangerous 
  and 
  obnoxious 
  bush 
  village, 
  described 
  on 
  page 
  338, 
  

   and 
  responsible, 
  as 
  I 
  consider, 
  for 
  the 
  major 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Usukuma 
  epidemic, 
  

   will 
  safeguard 
  the 
  natives 
  very 
  largely 
  from 
  any 
  untoward 
  result 
  that 
  might 
  arise 
  

   from 
  local 
  reductions 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  through 
  epidemics, 
  unlawful 
  killing 
  or 
  failure 
  of 
  

   pasture. 
  The 
  game 
  must 
  be 
  reasonably 
  but 
  adequately 
  protected. 
  There 
  can 
  be 
  

   little 
  doubt 
  but 
  that 
  such 
  special 
  concentration 
  of 
  fly 
  on 
  man 
  as 
  does 
  very 
  definitely 
  

   and 
  strikingly 
  result 
  from 
  the 
  driving 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  from 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  real 
  

   bush 
  villages 
  and 
  much 
  frequented 
  bush 
  roads 
  is 
  very 
  likely 
  to 
  lead 
  to 
  cases 
  of 
  human 
  

   trypanosomiasis 
  if 
  infects 
  carrying 
  the 
  pathogenic 
  strain 
  of 
  trypanosome 
  should 
  be 
  

   present. 
  Whether 
  such 
  pathogenicity 
  for 
  man 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  trypanosome 
  can 
  arise 
  

   in 
  the 
  first 
  instance 
  from 
  game 
  destruction 
  only, 
  without 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  a 
  human 
  infect 
  

   and 
  of 
  famine 
  or 
  hardship 
  to 
  enable 
  the 
  earlier 
  trypanosomes 
  to 
  survive 
  in 
  the 
  blood 
  

   of 
  successive 
  persons 
  long 
  enough 
  to 
  secure 
  retransmission 
  might 
  be 
  shown 
  by 
  such 
  

   an 
  experiment 
  in 
  game 
  destruction 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  much 
  advocated. 
  But 
  to 
  exclude 
  

   these 
  two 
  factors 
  is 
  difficult, 
  and 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  the 
  experiment 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  an 
  adaptable 
  

   fly 
  and 
  trypanosome 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  a 
  failure 
  of 
  crops 
  before 
  it 
  is 
  concluded 
  

   — 
  for 
  man 
  must 
  be 
  present, 
  preferably 
  in 
  numbers, 
  for 
  the 
  experiment 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  use 
  — 
  

   is 
  to 
  court 
  disaster, 
  and 
  to 
  risk, 
  further, 
  the 
  filling 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  surrounding 
  country 
  

   with 
  a 
  more 
  highly 
  combustible 
  -material 
  than 
  it 
  now 
  contains. 
  For 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  

   at 
  least 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  scattered, 
  sporadic 
  infection 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  is 
  merely 
  the 
  

   still 
  radiating 
  remnant 
  of 
  what 
  was 
  once 
  an 
  overlooked 
  conflagration 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   Simiyu, 
  but 
  is 
  now, 
  like 
  a 
  grass 
  fire 
  that 
  has 
  arrived 
  amongst 
  leaves, 
  smouldering 
  

   and 
  flickering 
  and 
  working 
  its 
  way 
  tortuously 
  with 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  persons, 
  but 
  

   virulent 
  still 
  and 
  ready 
  to 
  blaze 
  again 
  should 
  it 
  anywhere 
  find 
  the 
  dry 
  grass 
  of 
  a 
  

   prolonged 
  and 
  extensive 
  local 
  reduction 
  of 
  the 
  game. 
  The 
  events 
  in 
  Usukuma 
  have 
  

   shown 
  us 
  what 
  is 
  liable 
  to 
  happen 
  when 
  game 
  destruction 
  takes 
  place 
  under 
  natural 
  

   conditions, 
  and 
  suggest 
  why 
  sleeping 
  sickness 
  bulks 
  largest 
  in 
  those 
  areas 
  of 
  Tropical 
  

   Africa 
  in 
  which 
  game 
  is 
  relatively 
  scarce. 
  

  

  