﻿THE 
  EARLY 
  STAGES 
  OF 
  WEST 
  AFRICAN 
  MOSQUITOS. 
  

  

  Pupa. 
  — 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  about 
  5 
  mm. 
  long 
  when 
  extended. 
  

   Cephalothorax 
  somewhat 
  infuscated 
  dorsally 
  and 
  posteriorly. 
  

  

  431 
  

  

  Respiratory 
  

   trumpets 
  (fig. 
  17, 
  a) 
  very 
  dark 
  brown, 
  short, 
  length 
  about 
  0-5 
  mm., 
  straight, 
  with 
  

   a 
  rather 
  small, 
  slightly 
  constricted 
  aperture 
  ; 
  ratio 
  of 
  length 
  of 
  meatus 
  to 
  total 
  length 
  

   about 
  1 
  to 
  1-2. 
  Cephalothoracic 
  setae 
  well 
  developed, 
  the 
  dorsal 
  setae 
  rather 
  large 
  

   tufts 
  of 
  three 
  to 
  six 
  pubescent 
  hairs, 
  about 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  respiratory 
  trumpets. 
  

  

  Abdomen. 
  Paddles 
  (fig. 
  17) 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  pyriform, 
  small 
  ; 
  length 
  usually 
  about 
  

   0-4 
  mm. 
  (in 
  one 
  specimen 
  0-7 
  mm.), 
  ratio 
  of 
  length 
  to 
  greatest 
  breadth 
  about 
  1-2 
  

   to 
  1 
  . 
  Midrib 
  and 
  external 
  buttress 
  moderately 
  developed 
  ; 
  fringe 
  represented 
  only 
  

   by 
  minute 
  denticulations. 
  Terminal 
  seta 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  midrib 
  usually 
  about 
  

   one-quarter 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  paddles 
  {i.e., 
  about 
  0-1 
  mm.), 
  and 
  not 
  bifid 
  — 
  in 
  one 
  

   very 
  large 
  female, 
  however, 
  it 
  was 
  longer, 
  over 
  one-third 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  paddles. 
  

  

  Dorsal 
  abdominal 
  setae 
  (fig. 
  17) 
  well 
  developed. 
  Lateral 
  setae 
  (A) 
  on 
  segment 
  

   viii 
  large 
  tufts, 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  paddles, 
  composed 
  of 
  about 
  ten 
  or 
  

   eleven 
  subplumose 
  hairs, 
  on 
  segment 
  vii 
  small 
  tufts 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  hairs, 
  and 
  on 
  

   segments 
  iii 
  to 
  vi 
  delicate 
  hairs, 
  usually 
  single 
  but 
  sometimes 
  double 
  or 
  triple. 
  Sub- 
  

   lateral 
  setae 
  (B) 
  on 
  segment 
  vii 
  small 
  hairs 
  subdivided 
  at 
  the 
  ends, 
  on 
  segments 
  

   iv 
  to 
  vi 
  long, 
  single 
  or 
  double, 
  pubescent 
  setae 
  which 
  extend 
  backwards 
  slightly 
  

   beyond 
  the 
  posterior 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  segments. 
  Submedian 
  setae 
  (C) 
  on 
  

   segments 
  iv 
  to 
  vii 
  delicate 
  tufts 
  of 
  usually 
  four 
  hairs, 
  which 
  are 
  rather 
  larger 
  on 
  the 
  

   more 
  anterior 
  segments 
  ; 
  on 
  segment 
  iii 
  the 
  corresponding 
  seta 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  delicate 
  

   tuft, 
  rather 
  smaller 
  than 
  that 
  on 
  segment 
  iv, 
  but 
  with 
  more 
  branches, 
  usually 
  about 
  

   nine. 
  The 
  dendritic 
  tufts 
  on 
  segment 
  i 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  composed 
  of 
  long 
  subplumose 
  

   hairs, 
  which 
  are 
  branched 
  mainly 
  at 
  their 
  ends 
  ; 
  the 
  tufts 
  on 
  segment 
  ii 
  are 
  rather 
  

   large, 
  with 
  numerous 
  branches 
  — 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  large 
  female 
  referred 
  to 
  before, 
  the 
  

   tufts 
  on 
  segment 
  i 
  were 
  practically 
  unbranched, 
  and 
  those 
  on 
  segment 
  ii 
  (as 
  shown 
  

   in 
  fig. 
  17) 
  composed 
  of 
  only 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  long 
  unbranched 
  hairs. 
  In 
  the 
  male 
  the 
  

   cases 
  for 
  the 
  claspers 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  reach 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  posterior 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  

   paddles. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  17. 
  Pupa 
  of 
  Aides 
  longipalpis, 
  Griinb., 
  dorsal 
  view 
  of 
  abdomen 
  

  

  a, 
  trumpet. 
  

  

  Diagnosis. 
  — 
  This 
  pupa 
  falls 
  into 
  the 
  same 
  group 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Aedes 
  {0.) 
  irritans, 
  

   A. 
  (0.) 
  wellmani, 
  A. 
  (0.) 
  apicoannulatus, 
  and 
  A. 
  (0.) 
  simulans, 
  the 
  differential 
  

   characters 
  of 
  which 
  cannot 
  be 
  given 
  with 
  certainty 
  until 
  further 
  material 
  has 
  been 
  

   examined 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  variations 
  in 
  the 
  several 
  species. 
  The 
  following 
  

  

  