﻿45 
  

  

  NEOTOXOPTEKA 
  VIOLAE, 
  THEO., 
  AND 
  ITS 
  ALLIES. 
  

  

  By 
  A. 
  C. 
  Baker, 
  B.S.A., 
  Ph.D., 
  U.S. 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  , 
  Washington, 
  B.C. 
  

   (Plate 
  I.) 
  

  

  In 
  1915 
  (Bull. 
  Ent. 
  Kes. 
  vi, 
  p. 
  131) 
  Theobald 
  described 
  an 
  Aphid 
  taken 
  on 
  violets 
  

   in 
  Africa 
  as 
  Neoloxoptera 
  violae. 
  He 
  has 
  also 
  recorded 
  a 
  statement 
  by 
  Davis 
  that 
  it 
  

   probably 
  is 
  Rhopalosiphum 
  violae, 
  Pergande, 
  1900 
  (The 
  Entomologist, 
  xlix, 
  p. 
  149). 
  

  

  A 
  study 
  of 
  Pergande's 
  species 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  greenhouses 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  and 
  Canada 
  shows 
  that 
  the 
  form 
  described 
  by 
  Theobald 
  is 
  really 
  an 
  aberration 
  

   from 
  Pergande's 
  species. 
  This 
  is 
  shown 
  clearly 
  by 
  the 
  figures 
  accompanying 
  this 
  note. 
  

   Figure 
  1 
  is 
  the 
  typical 
  forewing 
  of 
  violae, 
  Perg. 
  , 
  and 
  from 
  examples 
  of 
  this 
  type 
  aber 
  

   rations 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  figures 
  2 
  to 
  6. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  noticed 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  

   several 
  cases 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  media 
  is 
  once 
  branched, 
  the 
  condition 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  Theo- 
  

   bald's 
  form. 
  Figures 
  4 
  and 
  6 
  show 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  departure 
  from 
  the 
  type, 
  and 
  yet 
  

   these 
  forms 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  all 
  the 
  others 
  figured 
  can 
  be 
  obtained 
  from 
  one 
  colony 
  and 
  in 
  

   one 
  " 
  family 
  " 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  The 
  hindwing 
  as 
  figured 
  by 
  Theobald 
  is 
  quite 
  typical 
  

   for 
  Pergande's 
  species 
  (fig. 
  7), 
  but 
  here 
  also 
  figures 
  8 
  and 
  9 
  represent 
  in 
  each 
  case 
  an 
  

   aberrant 
  form. 
  

  

  The 
  writer 
  is 
  unable 
  to 
  state 
  that 
  similar 
  conditions 
  would 
  be 
  met 
  with 
  also 
  in 
  

   Africa 
  and 
  that 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  types 
  would 
  occur. 
  From 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  occur 
  in 
  

   America, 
  and 
  bearing 
  in 
  mind 
  that 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  allies 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  present 
  similar 
  

   conditions, 
  one 
  would 
  expect 
  to 
  find 
  them. 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  understand 
  the 
  proper 
  generic 
  designation 
  for 
  this 
  species 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  

   to 
  review 
  briefly 
  the 
  small 
  group 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  belongs. 
  In 
  the 
  subfamily 
  Aphidinae 
  

   there 
  is 
  small 
  group, 
  the 
  Pentalonina, 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  mostly 
  tropical 
  

   or 
  subtropical. 
  This 
  is 
  based 
  on 
  Pentalonia 
  nigronervosa, 
  Coquerel, 
  1859 
  (fig. 
  10), 
  an 
  

   Aphid 
  with 
  most 
  remarkable 
  venation. 
  This 
  venation, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  writer's 
  expe- 
  

   rience 
  goes, 
  is 
  constant, 
  although 
  no 
  large 
  rearings 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  To 
  understand 
  

   this 
  venation 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  necessary 
  to 
  look 
  at 
  Idiofterus 
  nephrolepidis, 
  Davis, 
  1909, 
  

   and 
  some 
  aberrant 
  forms 
  of 
  this 
  species, 
  which 
  forms, 
  by 
  the 
  way, 
  are 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  rare. 
  

   Figure 
  11 
  shows 
  the 
  typical 
  fore- 
  wing 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  ; 
  here 
  the 
  radial 
  sector 
  is 
  quite 
  

   distinct. 
  In 
  figure 
  12 
  this 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  be 
  coalesced 
  with 
  the 
  media 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  way 
  as 
  

   to 
  produce 
  a 
  closed 
  cell 
  comparable 
  to 
  the 
  closed 
  cell 
  in 
  Pentalonia. 
  Figure 
  13 
  is 
  

   one 
  of 
  another 
  aberration 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  media 
  does 
  not 
  exhibit 
  its 
  typical 
  forked 
  

   character. 
  

  

  In 
  1915 
  Del 
  Guercio 
  (Redia, 
  vii, 
  p. 
  463) 
  erected 
  the 
  genus 
  Fullawayella 
  for 
  Macro- 
  

   siphum 
  JcirJcaldyi, 
  Fullaway, 
  1909. 
  This 
  insect 
  is 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  violae, 
  Perg., 
  but 
  

   differs 
  in 
  the 
  dilation 
  of 
  the 
  cornicles 
  and 
  other 
  details. 
  In 
  describing 
  the 
  species 
  

   Fullaway 
  (Ann. 
  Rep. 
  Haw. 
  Agr. 
  Exp. 
  Stn. 
  1909, 
  p. 
  22) 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  venation 
  is 
  

   normal, 
  that 
  is 
  for 
  Macrosiphum, 
  but 
  he 
  figured 
  what 
  evidently 
  is 
  an 
  aberration 
  

   similar 
  to 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  other 
  and 
  related 
  species 
  (fig. 
  15). 
  It 
  seems 
  evident 
  that 
  

   violae, 
  Perg., 
  and 
  JcirJcaldyi, 
  Fullaway, 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  genus, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  equally 
  

   evident 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  Rhopalosiphum, 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  nymphaeae, 
  Linn. 
  Essig 
  

   (Pomona 
  College 
  Jl. 
  Ent. 
  iii, 
  p. 
  541) 
  has 
  stated 
  that 
  he 
  believes 
  JcirJcaldyi 
  and 
  

  

  