﻿8 
  DR. 
  H. 
  LYNDHURST 
  DUKE. 
  

  

  occurrence 
  in 
  Uganda 
  of 
  a 
  marked 
  and 
  independent 
  diminution 
  in 
  the 
  numbers 
  

   of 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  known 
  species 
  of 
  Glossina, 
  and 
  also 
  an 
  outbreak 
  of 
  rinderpest 
  among 
  

   the 
  game 
  of 
  a 
  morsitans 
  area. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  hoped 
  that 
  the 
  observations 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  

   spot 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  value 
  in 
  throwing 
  additional 
  light 
  on 
  the 
  bionomics 
  of 
  Glossina. 
  

  

  My 
  thanks 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  His 
  Excellency 
  the 
  Governor, 
  Sir 
  F. 
  J. 
  Jackson, 
  who 
  has 
  

   throughout 
  evinced 
  an 
  interest 
  in 
  these 
  investigations, 
  and 
  has 
  kindly 
  given 
  me 
  

   the 
  benefit 
  of 
  his 
  wide 
  experience 
  of 
  game 
  and 
  fly 
  in 
  South 
  Africa. 
  Also 
  to 
  Mr. 
  

   Hutchins, 
  C.V.O., 
  whose 
  valuable 
  advice 
  and 
  assistance 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  

   help. 
  I 
  am 
  indebted 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  Administrative 
  Officers 
  for 
  their 
  assistance 
  in 
  

   obtaining 
  food 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  a 
  general 
  scarcity 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  famine. 
  

  

  Historical 
  and 
  General 
  Evidence 
  from 
  the 
  Literature. 
  

  

  As 
  regards 
  the 
  disappearance 
  of 
  Glossina 
  morsitans 
  from 
  various 
  districts 
  in 
  

   Rhodesia 
  and 
  the 
  Transvaal 
  following 
  on 
  the 
  rinderpest 
  epidemic 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  

   nineties 
  three 
  explanatory 
  theories 
  demand 
  special 
  consideration 
  :■ 
  — 
  

  

  (1). 
  That 
  a 
  fly 
  which 
  absorbs 
  the 
  blood 
  of 
  an 
  animal 
  suffering 
  from 
  rinderpest 
  

   dies 
  as 
  a 
  direct 
  consequence. 
  Death 
  might 
  be 
  immediate, 
  and 
  due 
  to 
  poisonous 
  

   by-products 
  circulating 
  in 
  the 
  blood 
  ; 
  or 
  it 
  might 
  result 
  subsequently 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  

   of 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  rinderpest 
  organism 
  in 
  the 
  tissues 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  Again. 
  

   rinderpest 
  blood 
  might 
  exert 
  an 
  injurious 
  effect 
  on 
  reproduction. 
  

  

  (2). 
  That 
  the 
  fly 
  disappeared 
  owing 
  to 
  loss 
  of 
  its 
  normal 
  food 
  supply, 
  the 
  wild 
  

   game. 
  A 
  special 
  development 
  of 
  this 
  theory 
  supposes 
  .that 
  certain 
  species, 
  especially 
  

   buffalo, 
  are 
  more 
  responsible 
  than 
  others. 
  

  

  (3). 
  That 
  the 
  phenomenon 
  had 
  no 
  direct 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  rinderpest, 
  being 
  

   due 
  to 
  some 
  obscure 
  coincident 
  cause. 
  

  

  With 
  regard 
  to 
  rinderpest 
  blood, 
  per 
  se, 
  killing 
  fly, 
  we 
  have 
  reliable 
  evidence 
  that 
  

   in 
  certain 
  districts 
  no 
  difference 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  tsetse, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  

   the 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  disease 
  through 
  the 
  game 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  belt. 
  Sir 
  Alfred 
  Sharpe 
  (1) 
  

   writes 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  rinderpest 
  visited 
  Nyasaland, 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  noticeable 
  decrease 
  

   in 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  big 
  game 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  belts, 
  especially 
  of 
  buffalo, 
  " 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  

   never 
  noticed 
  that 
  this 
  had 
  any 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  Glossina." 
  Val 
  Gielgud 
  (2) 
  writing 
  from 
  

   N. 
  E. 
  Rhodesia 
  says 
  : 
  ' 
  Since 
  the 
  almost 
  total 
  destruction 
  of 
  buffalo 
  by 
  rinderpest 
  

   these 
  flies 
  have 
  not 
  disappeared, 
  although, 
  perhaps, 
  not 
  so 
  numerous 
  as 
  formerly. 
  

   Stevenson-Hamilton 
  (3) 
  remarks, 
  " 
  while 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  G. 
  morsitans 
  (?) 
  abso- 
  

   lutely 
  disappeared 
  from 
  considerable 
  areas 
  during 
  or 
  immediately 
  after 
  the 
  epidemic, 
  

   we 
  have 
  it 
  on 
  reliable 
  authority 
  that 
  elsewhere 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  no 
  way 
  affected. 
  " 
  Sir 
  David 
  

   Bruce 
  (4), 
  in 
  his 
  evidence 
  before 
  the 
  Sleeping 
  Sickness 
  Committee 
  in 
  October 
  1913, 
  

   states 
  that, 
  in 
  response 
  to 
  his 
  request, 
  Montgomery 
  in 
  British 
  East 
  Africa 
  fed 
  "a 
  lot 
  

   of 
  flies 
  on 
  rinderpest 
  animals 
  and 
  it 
  did 
  them 
  no 
  harm. 
  " 
  I 
  recollect 
  sending 
  the 
  pupae 
  

   from 
  Mpumu 
  to 
  Montgomery 
  for 
  these 
  experiments, 
  the 
  report 
  of 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  

   been 
  able 
  to 
  obtain. 
  The 
  pupae 
  were 
  those 
  of 
  G. 
  palpalis. 
  I 
  have, 
  however, 
  always 
  

   understood 
  that 
  owing 
  to 
  difficulties 
  of 
  transport 
  of 
  the 
  pupae, 
  etc., 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  

   to 
  be 
  impossible 
  to 
  pronounce 
  an 
  opinion 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  effects 
  of 
  the 
  rinderpest 
  organism 
  

   on 
  the 
  fly, 
  except 
  in 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  the 
  blood 
  of 
  the 
  sick 
  animals 
  was 
  apparently 
  not 
  

   immediately 
  fatal. 
  Further 
  evidence 
  on 
  this 
  important 
  point 
  will 
  be 
  produced 
  in 
  a 
  

   later 
  section. 
  

  

  