﻿78 
  RUPERT 
  W. 
  JACK. 
  

  

  of 
  working 
  oxen 
  were 
  introduced. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  these 
  oxen 
  contracted 
  trypanosomia- 
  

   sis. 
  The 
  Veterinary 
  Bacteriologist 
  in 
  his 
  report 
  for 
  1914 
  states 
  : 
  — 
  " 
  It 
  is 
  estimated 
  

   that 
  nearly 
  25 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  these 
  transport 
  animals 
  became 
  infected, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  

   to 
  state 
  definitely 
  how 
  many 
  were 
  suffering 
  from 
  trypanosomiasis 
  alone, 
  and 
  how 
  

   many 
  were 
  the 
  victims 
  of 
  starvation 
  during 
  the 
  drought 
  of 
  the 
  past 
  season." 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  heavy 
  losses 
  from 
  trypanosomiasis 
  that 
  have 
  occurred 
  of 
  recent 
  

   years 
  amongst 
  cattle 
  living 
  outside 
  the 
  known 
  fly 
  areas, 
  these 
  figures 
  are 
  far 
  from 
  

   suggesting 
  any 
  great 
  abundance 
  of 
  testse 
  in 
  the 
  Suri-suri 
  at 
  the 
  period 
  involved. 
  

  

  The 
  apparent 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  clearing 
  of 
  the 
  forest, 
  possibly 
  combined 
  with 
  the 
  intro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  an 
  abundant 
  food 
  supply 
  in 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  oxen 
  amongst 
  the 
  lingering 
  tsetse, 
  

   was 
  interesting. 
  The 
  forest 
  was 
  cut 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  railway 
  line 
  back 
  towards 
  the 
  

   Mowiri 
  River, 
  skirting 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  the 
  alienated 
  farms 
  adjoining 
  the 
  railway, 
  and 
  

   what 
  little 
  fly 
  remained 
  would 
  presumably 
  follow 
  the 
  receding 
  forests. 
  Away 
  from 
  

   the 
  edges 
  of 
  vleis 
  and 
  water-courses, 
  however, 
  the 
  forest 
  becomes 
  leafless 
  after 
  the 
  

   end 
  of 
  July 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  frequented 
  by 
  tsetse 
  at 
  this 
  time, 
  hence 
  the 
  fly 
  may 
  be 
  judged 
  

   to 
  have 
  moved 
  back 
  along 
  the 
  Mowiri 
  to 
  the 
  Hartley-Shagari 
  road. 
  This 
  road 
  runs 
  

   through 
  the 
  farm 
  Ameva 
  close 
  to 
  Hartley 
  and 
  on 
  this 
  farm 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  there 
  

   was 
  an 
  outbreak 
  of 
  trypanosomiasis 
  in 
  1914. 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  two 
  cattle 
  on 
  

   Hippo 
  vale 
  were 
  suspected 
  of 
  being 
  struck, 
  but 
  blood-smears 
  did 
  not 
  confirm 
  this. 
  

   The 
  traffic 
  between 
  Shagari 
  and 
  Hartley 
  would 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  fly 
  being 
  carried 
  in 
  

   the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  and 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  judged 
  that 
  the 
  first 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  clearing 
  

   of 
  the 
  forest 
  was 
  to 
  scatter 
  the 
  remnants 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  A 
  few 
  fly 
  were 
  still 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  

   in 
  1914 
  to 
  the 
  S.W. 
  of 
  the 
  cleared 
  area, 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  Nswunzwe 
  river, 
  but 
  in 
  

   June 
  of 
  that 
  year 
  the 
  writer 
  encountered 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  specimen, 
  when 
  looking 
  for 
  

   fly 
  in 
  this 
  locality. 
  The 
  scattered 
  remnants 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  apparently 
  died 
  out 
  in 
  a 
  com- 
  

   paratively 
  short 
  time, 
  and 
  no 
  cases 
  of 
  trypanosomiasis 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  Suri-suri 
  

   area 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  during 
  the 
  past 
  two 
  years 
  or 
  more. 
  

  

  (6) 
  Melsetter 
  Border 
  Belt. 
  Since 
  1914 
  cattle 
  on 
  certain 
  farms 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  Portu- 
  

   guese 
  border 
  in 
  the 
  Melsetter 
  district 
  have 
  become 
  infected 
  with 
  trypanosomiasis 
  

   during 
  the 
  summer 
  months. 
  This 
  has 
  been 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  extension 
  of 
  a 
  belt 
  of 
  fly 
  in 
  

   Portuguese 
  Territory 
  towards 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  Rhodesian 
  border. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  it 
  is 
  

   not 
  G. 
  morsitans 
  that 
  is 
  implicated, 
  but 
  Glossina 
  brevipalpis, 
  Newst., 
  and 
  G. 
  palli&ipes, 
  

   Austen. 
  These 
  two 
  species 
  are 
  inter 
  ming 
  led 
  in 
  the 
  strip 
  of 
  country 
  lying 
  across 
  

   the 
  border 
  from 
  the 
  affected 
  farms. 
  In 
  this 
  region 
  the 
  border 
  practically 
  follows 
  the 
  

   division 
  between 
  the 
  high 
  and 
  low 
  veld, 
  although 
  Spungabera, 
  the 
  seat 
  of 
  government 
  

   for 
  the 
  Mossurize 
  district 
  of 
  the 
  Mocambique 
  territory, 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  high 
  veld. 
  

   Most 
  of 
  the 
  farms 
  on 
  the 
  Rhodesian 
  side 
  are 
  of 
  an 
  open 
  character 
  and 
  certainly 
  not 
  

   suited 
  to 
  become 
  permanent 
  fly 
  haunts. 
  The 
  low 
  veld 
  on 
  the 
  Portuguese 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  border 
  is 
  heavily 
  afforested, 
  and 
  the 
  forest 
  extends 
  into 
  Rhodesian 
  territory 
  up 
  

   the 
  river 
  valleys, 
  several 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  deep, 
  the 
  water-level 
  being 
  sometimes 
  

   2,500 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  surrounding 
  country. 
  In 
  other 
  places 
  the 
  forest 
  extends 
  up 
  the 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  escarpment 
  across 
  the 
  border 
  ; 
  whilst 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  farms 
  bear 
  open 
  forest, 
  

   distinct 
  from 
  the 
  sub-tropical 
  growth 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  river 
  valleys. 
  Experience 
  indicates 
  

   that 
  cattle 
  on 
  the 
  Rhodesian 
  side 
  are 
  only 
  subject 
  to 
  infection 
  during 
  the 
  wet 
  season, 
  

   and 
  it 
  is 
  judged 
  that 
  the 
  flies 
  extend 
  their 
  range 
  at 
  this 
  season, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  

   G. 
  morsitans. 
  Practically 
  all 
  cases 
  are 
  traceable 
  to 
  stock 
  having 
  been 
  in 
  contact 
  

  

  