﻿82 
  RUPERT 
  W. 
  JACK, 
  

  

  The 
  main 
  arguments 
  to 
  the 
  contrary 
  are 
  apparently 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  fly 
  in 
  numbers 
  in 
  certain 
  tracts 
  where 
  large 
  game 
  is 
  

   apparently 
  absent. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  a 
  small 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  game 
  survived 
  the 
  rinderpest 
  in 
  1896, 
  

   so 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  been 
  absolutely 
  starved. 
  

  

  (3) 
  The 
  discovery 
  of 
  nucleated 
  corpuscles 
  in 
  the 
  stomachs 
  of 
  captured 
  flies, 
  indi- 
  

   cating 
  an 
  avian 
  or 
  reptilian 
  diet. 
  

  

  (4) 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  fluctuations 
  in 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  morsitans 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  

   apart 
  from 
  any 
  wholesale 
  destruction 
  of 
  game. 
  

  

  (1) 
  Observations 
  of 
  this 
  nature 
  on 
  excellent 
  authority 
  have 
  been 
  published 
  

   relative 
  to 
  Northern 
  Rhodesia, 
  Nyasaland, 
  East 
  Africa 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  

   be 
  idle 
  to 
  dispute 
  that 
  such 
  observations 
  carry 
  very 
  considerable 
  weight. 
  On 
  the 
  

   other 
  hand, 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  Northern 
  Rhodesia 
  Lloyd, 
  whilst 
  noting 
  that 
  game 
  was 
  not 
  

   always 
  abundant 
  where 
  tsetse 
  were 
  very 
  much 
  in 
  evidence, 
  nevertheless 
  found 
  

   excellent 
  cause 
  to 
  conclude 
  that 
  large 
  game 
  is 
  at 
  least 
  highly 
  important 
  to 
  the 
  

   welfare 
  of 
  the 
  fly.* 
  Again 
  in 
  Nyasaland, 
  whereas 
  certain 
  casual 
  observers 
  have 
  

   disassociated 
  fly 
  and 
  game, 
  Lamborn, 
  specially 
  engaged 
  in 
  tsetse-fly 
  investigations, 
  

   came 
  to 
  the 
  opposite 
  conclusion. 
  The 
  well-known 
  statement 
  of 
  Sir 
  F. 
  J. 
  Jackson 
  

   relative 
  to 
  a 
  dry 
  stretch 
  of 
  country 
  lying 
  between 
  the 
  Msologeni 
  and 
  Tsavo 
  Rivers 
  in 
  

   British 
  East 
  Africa 
  in 
  1892 
  was 
  apparently 
  due 
  to 
  a 
  single 
  and 
  presumably 
  rapid 
  

   journey 
  in 
  the 
  driest 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  season. 
  It 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  investigators 
  who 
  are 
  most 
  

   inclined 
  to 
  associate 
  morsitans 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  mammals 
  are 
  those 
  who 
  have 
  continued 
  

   their 
  investigations 
  over 
  a 
  considerable 
  period 
  in 
  one 
  territory, 
  and 
  have 
  also 
  paid 
  

   special 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  bionomics 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  The 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  evidence 
  to 
  the 
  contrary 
  

   has 
  not 
  emanated 
  from 
  entomologists, 
  but 
  from 
  the 
  comparatively 
  superficial 
  and 
  

   disconnected 
  observations 
  of 
  men 
  of 
  other 
  professions. 
  

  

  With 
  reference 
  to 
  Lloyd's 
  observations 
  on 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  the 
  prevalence 
  of 
  game 
  on 
  

   the 
  ratio 
  of 
  the 
  sexes 
  caught, 
  the 
  following 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  interest 
  : 
  

  

  November 
  1910, 
  Gorai 
  River, 
  Zambesi 
  Valley, 
  Lomagundi 
  district. 
  Game, 
  except 
  

   warthog 
  and 
  duiker, 
  practically 
  wanting 
  ; 
  37 
  males 
  and 
  45 
  female 
  flies 
  caught. 
  

  

  December 
  1910, 
  Umniati 
  River. 
  Game 
  and 
  baboons 
  plentiful 
  ; 
  57 
  males 
  and 
  20 
  

   females 
  caught. 
  

  

  April 
  1911, 
  Gorai 
  River, 
  Zambesi 
  Valley, 
  Lomagundi. 
  Game 
  moderately 
  plentiful 
  ; 
  

   53 
  males 
  and 
  3 
  females. 
  

  

  August 
  1911, 
  Manzituba, 
  Sebungwe 
  district. 
  Game 
  abundant 
  ; 
  143 
  males 
  and 
  

   74 
  females. 
  

  

  October 
  1911, 
  Umniati 
  River. 
  Game 
  present 
  but 
  not 
  very 
  abundant, 
  baboons 
  

   abundant 
  ; 
  85 
  males 
  and 
  50 
  females. 
  

  

  June 
  1914, 
  Thirty-one 
  flies 
  sent 
  in 
  by 
  hunter, 
  probably 
  taken 
  on 
  Umniati 
  River 
  

   where 
  game 
  was 
  by 
  this 
  time 
  scarce, 
  although 
  baboons 
  abounded 
  ; 
  25 
  males 
  and 
  6 
  

   females. 
  

  

  November 
  1914, 
  Umniati 
  River. 
  Game 
  scarce 
  but 
  baboons 
  abundant 
  ; 
  100 
  males 
  

   and 
  28 
  females. 
  

  

  August 
  1916, 
  Sipani 
  Vlei, 
  Sebungwe 
  district. 
  Game 
  abundant 
  ; 
  32 
  males 
  and 
  

   14 
  females. 
  

  

  *Bull. 
  Ent. 
  Ees. 
  v, 
  p. 
  60. 
  and 
  vii, 
  p. 
  67-71. 
  

  

  