﻿INSECTS 
  INJURIOUS 
  TO 
  CROPS 
  IN 
  ZANZIBAR. 
  153 
  

  

  INSECTS 
  AFFECTING 
  SHADE 
  TREES. 
  

   Lepidoptera. 
  

  

  The 
  African 
  almond 
  (Terminalia 
  catappa) 
  is 
  common 
  throughout 
  the 
  two 
  islands 
  

   and 
  is 
  much 
  appreciated 
  for 
  its 
  ornamental 
  foliage 
  and 
  shade 
  properties. 
  In 
  certain 
  

   situations, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  town, 
  it 
  is 
  severely 
  attacked 
  by 
  bag 
  -worms 
  (Psychidae). 
  

   Unthrifty 
  trees 
  are 
  heavily 
  infested, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  being 
  almost 
  skeletonised. 
  

  

  Miresa 
  melanosticta, 
  Baker. 
  A 
  minor 
  pest 
  of 
  the 
  African 
  almond. 
  The 
  large 
  

   green 
  slug- 
  like 
  larvae 
  with 
  lateral 
  tubercles 
  are 
  not 
  easily 
  detected 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  their 
  size. 
  

   They 
  have 
  the 
  peculiar 
  habit 
  of 
  arranging 
  themselves 
  in 
  circles 
  on 
  the 
  leaves, 
  their 
  

   heads 
  facing 
  inwards. 
  Pupation 
  takes 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  in 
  a 
  hard 
  round 
  cocoon, 
  

   with 
  a 
  distinct 
  lid. 
  

  

  Cirina 
  forda, 
  Westw. 
  The 
  larvae 
  feed 
  on 
  young 
  casuarina 
  trees 
  (Casuarina 
  

   equisetifolia) 
  and 
  are 
  easily 
  detected 
  by 
  their 
  conspicuous 
  yellow 
  markings. 
  Pupation 
  

   takes 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  about 
  3 
  inches. 
  Another 
  food-plant 
  is 
  the 
  

   naseberry. 
  

  

  Asura 
  saginaria, 
  Wlk. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  moth 
  have 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  occasionally 
  

   on 
  cinnamon 
  trees, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  a 
  minor 
  pest. 
  

  

  Rhynchota. 
  

  

  Pseudococcus 
  obtusus, 
  Newst. 
  When 
  in 
  poor 
  soil 
  casuarina 
  trees 
  are 
  often 
  

   heavily 
  infested 
  with 
  this 
  scale-insect, 
  the 
  lower 
  branches 
  being 
  principally 
  attacked. 
  

  

  Aspidiotus 
  (Pseudaonidia) 
  trilobitiformis, 
  Green. 
  Many 
  rubber 
  trees 
  (Ficus 
  elastica)- 
  

   are 
  heavily 
  infested 
  with 
  this 
  Coccid. 
  

  

  Dysdercus 
  super 
  stitiosus, 
  F. 
  The 
  open 
  bolls 
  of 
  the 
  silk-cotton 
  tree 
  (Eriodendron 
  

   anfractuosum) 
  are 
  often 
  attacked 
  by 
  this 
  common 
  cotton-stainer, 
  and 
  D. 
  fasciatus 
  

   is 
  found 
  in 
  conjunction 
  with 
  it. 
  

  

  INSECTS 
  AFFECTING 
  TIMBER. 
  

   Coleoptera. 
  

  

  Macrotoma 
  palmata, 
  F. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  Longicorn 
  are 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  

   mangrove 
  wood 
  rafters 
  in 
  native 
  huts. 
  On 
  one 
  occasion 
  several 
  larvae 
  were 
  

   extracted 
  from 
  large 
  tunnels 
  which 
  they 
  had 
  made 
  in 
  a 
  piano 
  case. 
  Numbers 
  

   have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  field 
  in 
  old 
  dead 
  mango 
  stumps. 
  

  

  Dinoderus 
  minutus, 
  F. 
  Extremely 
  common 
  and 
  destructive 
  to 
  dried 
  bamboo 
  

   and 
  a 
  very 
  serious 
  pest. 
  Adults 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  Madagascar 
  teak, 
  a 
  slight 
  

   attack. 
  On 
  one 
  occasion 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  an 
  avocado 
  pear 
  (Persea 
  gratissima) 
  was 
  found 
  

   to 
  be 
  heavily 
  infested 
  with 
  it. 
  

  

  Isoptera. 
  

  

  Termes 
  bellicosus, 
  Smeath. 
  Ubiquitous 
  in 
  its 
  distribution, 
  the 
  white 
  ant 
  is 
  the 
  

   worst 
  timber 
  pest 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  islands. 
  Imported 
  European 
  soft 
  woods 
  are 
  reduced 
  

   to 
  ruin 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  years, 
  though 
  Indian 
  teak 
  is 
  rarely 
  attacked. 
  The 
  structural 
  timber 
  

   of 
  the 
  native 
  huts 
  (mangrove, 
  Ceriops 
  candolliana) 
  and 
  the 
  roofing 
  made 
  of 
  plaited 
  

   coconut 
  leaf 
  are 
  often 
  attacked. 
  

  

  Termites 
  have 
  been 
  reported 
  as 
  injuring 
  the 
  following 
  living 
  trees 
  : 
  — 
  -Seed 
  and 
  

   seedling 
  coconuts, 
  young 
  avocado 
  pears 
  (the 
  roots 
  badly 
  attacked), 
  and 
  cloves. 
  

  

  