﻿OBSERVATIONS 
  ON 
  SCALE-INSECTS. 
  

  

  201 
  

  

  with 
  a 
  large 
  group 
  of 
  parastigmatic 
  glands; 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  placed 
  close 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  

   mentum 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  pair 
  on 
  the 
  meta 
  thoracic 
  segment. 
  The 
  first 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  

   of 
  the 
  same 
  width 
  as 
  the 
  meta 
  thorax 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  much 
  more 
  strongly 
  produced 
  and 
  

   considerably 
  wider 
  than 
  the 
  two 
  others 
  ; 
  third 
  merging 
  into 
  the 
  pygidium. 
  Vaginal 
  

   orifice 
  a 
  little 
  below 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  of 
  circumgenital 
  glands 
  ; 
  anal 
  orifice 
  

   opposite. 
  Dorsal 
  pores 
  arranged 
  in 
  three 
  well 
  defined 
  but 
  interrupted 
  series. 
  Margin 
  

   of 
  pygidium 
  (fig. 
  22, 
  d) 
  with 
  four 
  pairs 
  of 
  lobes, 
  all 
  of 
  them 
  very 
  similar 
  in 
  

   form, 
  but 
  the 
  median 
  pair 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  rest 
  ; 
  second 
  to 
  third 
  pair, 
  inclusive, 
  

   duplex 
  ; 
  the 
  division 
  between 
  each 
  duplex 
  lobe 
  being 
  complete 
  to 
  the 
  base. 
  

   Squamae 
  simple 
  : 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  short 
  one 
  between 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  lobes, 
  several 
  on 
  the 
  margin 
  

  

  Fig. 
  22. 
  Chionaspis 
  madhinensis, 
  Zehnt., 
  $ 
  ; 
  a, 
  adult 
  ; 
  

   b, 
  antenna 
  ; 
  c, 
  stigma 
  ; 
  d, 
  margin 
  of 
  pygidium 
  ; 
  

  

  e, 
  parasitised 
  $. 
  

  

  beyond 
  and 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  two 
  succeeding 
  abdominal 
  segments. 
  The 
  spines 
  are 
  few 
  and 
  

   not 
  very 
  conspicuous 
  ; 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  minute 
  ones 
  between 
  the 
  median 
  lobes, 
  and 
  a 
  

   slightly 
  longer 
  one 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  each 
  lobe 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  margin 
  ; 
  a 
  very 
  long 
  one 
  on 
  

   the 
  dorsal 
  surface 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  duplex 
  lobe 
  and 
  a 
  smaller 
  one 
  just 
  beyond 
  

   the 
  fourth 
  lobe. 
  Three 
  conspicuous 
  marginal 
  pores 
  ; 
  one 
  between 
  the 
  third 
  and 
  

   fourth 
  duplex 
  lobes 
  and 
  two 
  beyond 
  the 
  fourth 
  ; 
  similar 
  but 
  less 
  conspicuous 
  pairs 
  

   can 
  be 
  traced 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  surface 
  over 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  lobes, 
  especially 
  the 
  fourth 
  pair. 
  

   In 
  parasitised 
  examples 
  (fig. 
  22, 
  e) 
  the 
  mesothoracic 
  region 
  is 
  not 
  produced 
  laterally, 
  

   and 
  the 
  free 
  abdominal 
  segments 
  are 
  more 
  pointed. 
  

  

  Uganda 
  : 
  Kampala, 
  on 
  sugar-cane, 
  ll.ii.1918. 
  (C. 
  C. 
  Gowdey). 
  

  

  