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  NOTES 
  ON 
  THE 
  IDENTIFICATION 
  OF 
  ANOPHELINAE 
  AND 
  THEIR 
  

  

  LARVAE 
  IN 
  THE 
  ZANZIBAR 
  PROTECTORATE. 
  

  

  By 
  W. 
  Mansfield- 
  Aders, 
  

  

  Economic 
  Biologist, 
  Zanzibar 
  Government. 
  

  

  Medical 
  Officers 
  and 
  others 
  interested 
  in 
  tropical 
  sanitation 
  often 
  find 
  great 
  

   difficulty 
  in 
  rapidly 
  identifying 
  adult 
  mosquitos. 
  Four 
  Anophelines 
  have 
  been 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  Zanzibar 
  Protectorate, 
  two 
  of 
  these 
  being 
  well-known 
  malaria 
  carriers. 
  

   The 
  identification 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  latter 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  a 
  pocket 
  lens 
  is 
  quite 
  simple. 
  

  

  Adult 
  Anophelines. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  costalis, 
  Lw. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  commonest 
  Anopheline 
  in 
  the 
  Protectorate 
  and 
  the 
  species 
  most 
  often 
  

   brought 
  in 
  by 
  the 
  mosquito 
  brigade 
  for 
  identification. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  insect 
  and 
  can 
  

   at 
  once 
  be 
  recognised 
  by 
  the 
  golden 
  yellow 
  stippling 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  legs, 
  which 
  

   is 
  specially 
  marked 
  on 
  the 
  tarsal 
  joints. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  funestus, 
  Giles. 
  

  

  Adults 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  are 
  very 
  uncommon 
  in 
  the 
  town, 
  but 
  are 
  constantly 
  captured 
  

   in 
  the 
  outlying 
  districts. 
  This 
  Anopheline 
  is 
  easily 
  recognised 
  by 
  its 
  small 
  size 
  

   and 
  generally 
  black 
  colour. 
  There 
  are 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  stippling 
  on 
  the 
  legs, 
  therefore 
  

   it 
  cannot 
  be 
  confused 
  with 
  A. 
  costalis. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  mauritianus, 
  Grp. 
  

  

  Adults 
  of 
  this 
  form 
  are 
  very 
  rarely 
  captured. 
  It 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  easiest 
  species 
  to 
  

   identify, 
  its 
  chief 
  characteristics 
  being 
  its 
  large 
  size, 
  the 
  very 
  distinct 
  long 
  black 
  

   spots 
  on 
  the 
  costal 
  vein, 
  and 
  especially 
  the 
  pure 
  white 
  tarsal 
  joints 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  pair 
  

   of 
  legs. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  squamosus, 
  Theo. 
  

  

  This 
  mosquito 
  somewhat 
  resembles 
  Stegomyia 
  fasciata 
  m 
  having 
  the 
  legs 
  spotted 
  

   with 
  black 
  and 
  white 
  markings, 
  but 
  the 
  outstanding 
  characteristic 
  peculiar 
  to 
  it 
  

   is 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  lateral 
  abdominal 
  hair 
  tufts. 
  

  

  Anopheline 
  Larvae. 
  

  

  The 
  identification 
  of 
  the 
  Anopheline 
  larvae 
  is 
  a 
  more 
  difficult 
  problem, 
  though 
  

   three 
  of 
  them, 
  A. 
  costalis, 
  A. 
  funestus 
  and 
  A. 
  mauritianus, 
  have 
  marked 
  

   characteristics. 
  

  

  