﻿33a 
  

  

  THE 
  MOSQUITOS 
  OF 
  FAR 
  EASTERN 
  PORTS 
  WITH 
  SPECIAL 
  REFERENCE 
  

   TO 
  THE 
  PREVALENCE 
  OF 
  STEGOMYIA 
  F 
  ASCI 
  AT 
  A, 
  F. 
  

  

  By 
  A. 
  T. 
  Stanton, 
  

   Bacteriologist, 
  Institute 
  for 
  Medical 
  Research, 
  Federated 
  Malay 
  States. 
  

  

  I. 
  Introduction. 
  

  

  The 
  danger 
  of 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  yellow 
  fever 
  into 
  Oriental 
  countries 
  has 
  been 
  

   the 
  subject 
  of 
  much 
  discussion 
  since 
  Sir 
  Patrick 
  Manson 
  first 
  drew 
  attention 
  to 
  it 
  

   in 
  1903. 
  In 
  1911 
  Major 
  (now 
  Lt.-Col.) 
  S. 
  P. 
  James, 
  I.M.S., 
  was 
  deputed 
  by 
  the 
  

   Government 
  of 
  India 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  conditions 
  in 
  the 
  endemic 
  areas 
  of 
  Central 
  America 
  

   and 
  in 
  the 
  principal 
  sea-ports 
  between 
  that 
  country 
  and 
  India. 
  His 
  report, 
  published 
  

   in 
  1913, 
  was 
  a 
  most 
  valuable 
  contribution 
  to 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  problems 
  

   surrounding 
  this 
  subject. 
  Among 
  other 
  recommendations, 
  Major 
  James 
  suggested 
  

   that 
  further 
  inquiry 
  should 
  be 
  made 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  Stegomyia 
  

   fasciata 
  in 
  Far 
  Eastern 
  ports. 
  

  

  Any 
  measures 
  that 
  may 
  be 
  devised 
  for 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  India 
  and 
  the 
  Far 
  Eastern 
  

   colonies 
  from 
  yellow 
  fever 
  must 
  take 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  distribution 
  and 
  prevalence 
  

   of 
  the 
  known 
  carrier 
  of 
  the 
  disease, 
  perhaps 
  also 
  of 
  its 
  near 
  allies, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  sanitary 
  

   and 
  other 
  circumstances 
  affecting 
  the 
  prevalence 
  of 
  mosquitos 
  generally. 
  It 
  was 
  

   considered 
  desirable 
  to 
  supplement 
  the 
  data 
  hitherto 
  obtained, 
  and 
  in 
  September 
  

   1915 
  at 
  the 
  suggestion 
  of 
  the 
  Imperial 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  I 
  was 
  instructed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Government 
  of 
  the 
  Federated 
  Malay 
  States 
  to 
  pursue 
  these 
  inquiries. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  ports 
  were 
  visited 
  between 
  October 
  1915 
  and 
  March 
  1916 
  ; 
  Bangkok 
  

   (Siam), 
  Saigon 
  (Cochin-China), 
  Haiphong 
  (Tonkin), 
  Canton 
  (South 
  China), 
  Batavia, 
  

   Samarang 
  and 
  Soerabaia 
  (Java), 
  Makasser 
  (Celebes) 
  and 
  Tjilatjap 
  (Java). 
  Through 
  

   the 
  courtesy 
  of 
  several 
  correspondents 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  also 
  to 
  examine 
  specimens 
  

   from 
  other 
  places 
  in 
  this 
  region. 
  It 
  was 
  not 
  found 
  possible 
  to 
  complete 
  the 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  by 
  a 
  survey 
  of 
  the 
  ports 
  of 
  China 
  and 
  Japan 
  as 
  had 
  been 
  planned. 
  

  

  Reports 
  of 
  the 
  observations 
  (with 
  specimens 
  of 
  mosquitos 
  from 
  the 
  different 
  

   ports) 
  were 
  sent 
  to 
  the 
  Imperial 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  as 
  the 
  work 
  progressed 
  and 
  

   these 
  reports 
  are 
  now 
  reproduced 
  in 
  a 
  form 
  convenient 
  for 
  reference. 
  There 
  is 
  added 
  

   a 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  observations 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  conclusions 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  drawn 
  from 
  a 
  

   studv 
  of 
  them. 
  

  

  I 
  am 
  under 
  obligation 
  to 
  many 
  officers 
  of 
  the 
  Governments 
  of 
  Siam, 
  French 
  

   Indo-China, 
  and 
  the 
  Netherlands 
  East 
  Indies 
  for 
  generous 
  assistance 
  in 
  connection 
  

   with 
  the 
  enquiry, 
  especially 
  to 
  Drs. 
  M. 
  Carthew, 
  M.O.H., 
  and 
  Malcolm 
  Smith 
  

   (Bangkok), 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  Denier 
  (Saigon) 
  and 
  Drs. 
  W. 
  T. 
  de 
  Vogel, 
  N.F. 
  Lim, 
  H. 
  Werkman, 
  

   L. 
  S. 
  von 
  Romer 
  and 
  M. 
  L. 
  van 
  Breemen 
  (Java). 
  To 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  A. 
  K. 
  Marshall, 
  Director 
  

   of 
  the 
  Imperial 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  W. 
  Edwards, 
  of 
  the 
  British 
  

   Museum, 
  I 
  am 
  indebted 
  for 
  confirmation 
  or 
  correction 
  of 
  my 
  identifications 
  of 
  

   mosquitos. 
  

  

  